Productivity and Economic Evaluation of Growing Young Bi-axis Apple Trees Depending on the Practice of Bi-axis Formation by Budding and the Density in a Row
Year: 2019
Type: article
Abstract: The paper is devoted to the research of the effect of the bi-axis formation by means of budding and the plant density in a row on the output and quality of young bi-axis apple trees cv. Florina 54–118 and the economic efficiency of their cultivation. The research was carried out in the fruit nursery of the educational-production department of Uman national university of horticulture in the years of 2016–2018. Bi-axis formation was done by budding: one bud with a further shoot picking when it is 10 cm long (the control), one bud with a further shoot picking when it is 20 cm long, two buds opposite (hereinafter “opposite budding”), two buds opposite with their 5-cm shift to each other along a rootstock (hereinafter “alternate budding”). A rootstock was planted in a field of a nursery, the distances between plants being 33, 45, 55 і 65 cm. It was found out that opposite and alternate budding with two buds resulted in a maximum increase of the standard young tree output by 12 and 11 %, respectively. It was recorded that the lowest plant density, due to the increase of the distance between plants in a row up to 45, 55 і 65 cm, caused the decrease of the output of young trees per unit area by 23, 35 and 44 % (y = 0,004x2 - 0,628x + 32,72; ηxy = 0,99 ± 0,04), respectively. And, a lower plant density facilitated the increase of the share of quality crowned young bi-axis apple trees from the number of the planted rootstock by 6, 9 and 10 %. So, opposite budding with two buds and a plant density in a row equal to 33 cm between plants ensured the output of 17.7 thousand standard young trees per hectare, favored a maximum 13 %-decrease of cost production and 24 %-increase of the sales revenue. All this helped receive UAH 388 th. of net profit and 197 % of profitability. The largest share of standard young trees from the number of the planted rootstock was recorded under opposite (94 %) and alternate (93 %) budding with two buds and a 65 cm-distance between plants in a row.
Author: Polunina O. V.
Institution: Uman National University
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4231853876