Replacement of red and processed meat with other food sources of protein and the risk of type 2 diabetes in European populations; the EPIC-InterAct study
Year: 2020
Type: other
Abstract: OBJECTIVE There is sparse evidence for suitable food substitutions for red and processed meat on risk of type 2 diabetes. We modelled the association between replacing red and processed meat with other protein sources and the risk of type 2 diabetes and estimated its population impact. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort included 11,741 type 2 diabetes cases and a subcohort of 15,450 participants in eight countries. We modelled the replacement of self-reported red and processed meat with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, cheese, cereals, yogurt, milk and nuts. Country-specific hazard ratios (HR) for incident type 2 diabetes were estimated by Prentice-weighted Cox regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS There was a lower hazard for type 2 diabetes for the modelled replacement of red and processed meat (50 g/day) with cheese (HR 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.83–0.97; 30 g/day), yogurt (0.90, 0.86–0.95; 70 g/day), nuts (0.90, 0.84–0.96; 10 g/day) or cereals (0.92, 0.88–0.96; 30 g/day) but null for replacements with poultry, fish, eggs, legumes or milk. Assuming a causal association, replacing red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt or nuts could prevent 8.8%, 8.3% or 7.5%, respectively, of new cases of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Replacement of red and processed meat with cheese, yogurt, nuts or cereals was associated with a lower rate of type 2 diabetes. Substituting red and processed meat by other protein sources may contribute to the prevention of incident type 2 diabetes in European populations.
Authors: Daniel B. Ibsen, Marinka Steur, Fumiaki Imamura, Kim Overvad, Matthias B. Schulze, Benedetta Bendinelli, Marcela Guevara, Antonio Agudo, Pilar Amiano, Dagfinn Aune, Aurelio Barricarte, Ulrika Ericson, Guy Fagherazzi, Paul W. Franks, Heinz Freisling, Jose R. Quiros, Sara Grioni, Alicia K. Heath, Inge Huybrechts, Verena Katze, Nasser Laouali, Francesca Mancini, Giovanna Masala, Anja Olsen, Keren Papier, Stina Ramne, Olov Rolandsson, Carlotta Sacerdote, Maria-José Sánchez, Carmen Santiuste, Vittorio Simeon, Annemieke M.W. Spijkerman, Bernard Srour, Anne Tjønneland, Tammy Y.N. Tong, Rosario Tumino, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Elisabete Weiderpass, Clemens Wittenbecher, Stephen J. Sharp, Elio Riboli, Nita G. Forouhi, Nick J. Wareham
Institutions: Aarhus University, University of Cambridge, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Aalborg University Hospital, University of Potsdam, German Center for Diabetes Research, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Navarre Institute of Health Research, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Basque Government, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo Nye Høyskole, Imperial College London, Lund University, Inserm, Institut Gustave Roussy, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Umeå University, World Health Organization, Centre international de recherche sur le cancer, Gobierno del Principado de Asturias, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, German Cancer Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, University of Oxford, Azienda Ospedaliera Citta' della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Piedmont Reference Center for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, University of Turin, Universidad de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Andalusian School of Public Health, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, University of Copenhagen, Harvard University, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht
Language: English
Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Funder: Medical Research Council
Award: G6957823285
OpenAlex ID: W4238770044