Humoral Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and Inferred Protection from Infection in a French Longitudinal Community Cohort
Year: 2022
Type: preprint
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Population-level immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is growing through vaccination as well as ongoing circulation. Given waning immunity and emergence of new variants, it is important to dynamically determine the risk of re-infection in the population. For estimating immune protection, neutralization titers are most informative, but these assays are difficult to conduct at a population level. Measurement of antibody levels can be implemented at high throughput, but has not been robustly validated as a correlate of protection. Here, we have developed a method that predicts neutralization and protection based on variant-specific antibody measurements to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. This approach allowed us to estimate population-immunity in a longitudinal cohort from France followed for up to 2 years. Participants with a single vaccination or immunity caused by infection only are especially vulnerable to COVID-19 or hospitalization due to SARS-CoV-2. While the median reduced risk to COVID-19 in participants with 3 vaccinations was 96%, the median reduced risk among participants with infection-acquired immunity only was 42%. The results presented here are consistent with data from vaccine-effectiveness studies indicating robustness of our approach. Our multiplex serological assay can be readily optimized and employed to study any new variant and provides a framework for development of an assay that would include protection estimates.
Source: medRxiv
Authors: Tom Woudenberg, Laurie Pinaud, Laura Garcia, Laura Tondeur, Stéphane Pelleau, Alix De Thoisy, Françoise Donnadieu, Marija Backovic, Mikaël Attia, Nathanael Hozé, Cécile Duru, Aymar Davy Koffi, Sandrine Castelain, Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer, Sandrine Fernandes Pellerin, Delphine Planas, Timothée Bruel, Simon Cauchemez, Olivier Schwartz, Arnaud Fontanet, Michael White
Institutions: Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Department of Virology, Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Amiens-Picardie, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4281555151