Year: 2022
Type: article
Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are far from being the only RNA-containing extracellular particles (EPs). Recently, new 35 nm-sized EPs were discovered by asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation and termed "exomeres". Purification of exomeres was later performed by differential ultracentrifugation as well. More recently, the supernatant of the high-speed ultracentrifugation used to collect exomeres was further centrifuged to collect a new class of EP, termed "supermeres". Supermeres contain high quantities of extracellular RNA and are enriched in miR-1246. They are also replete in disease biomarkers and can induce metabolic and adaptive changes in recipient cells. Here, we reanalyzed proteomic and transcriptomic data obtained in this exciting study to obtain further insights into the molecular composition of exomeres and supermeres. We found that the top-ranking RNAs in supermeres correspond to the footprints of extracellular protein complexes. These complexes protect fragments of the small nuclear RNA U2 and the 28S rRNA from extracellular ribonucleases (exRNases). We suggest that intracellular nanoparticles such as the U2 ribonucleoprotein, ribosomes and LGALS3BP ring-like decamers are released into the extracellular space. These heterogeneous EPs might be further processed by exRNases and co-isolate by ultracentrifugation with other components of exomeres and supermeres. We look forward to continuing progress in defining exRNA carriers, bridging process definitions with molecular composition and function.
Source: Journal of Extracellular Biology
DOI: 10.1002/jex2.45
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,100
Awards: G3879737662, G7936708543, Novel Separation Methods for exRNA Carriers: Extracellular Vesicles, Lipoprotein Particles, and Protein Aggregates, Novel Separation Methods for exRNA Carriers: Extracellular Vesicles, Lipoprotein Particles, and Protein Aggregates, Next-generation extracellular vesicle biologics to target central nervous system and peripheral reservoirs of HIV, Extracellular Vesicle and Extracellular RNA Biomarkers of HIV-1 Central Nervous System Pathogenesis and Cigarette Use, Novel Approaches to Capture, Sorting, and Characterization of CNS-Origin Extracellular Vesicles
OpenAlex ID: W4281999589