Year: 2022
Type: article
Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the treatment of choice for high-risk ambulatory persons with mild to moderate COVID-19. We studied viral culture dynamics post-treatment in a subset of participants receiving the mAb bamlanivimab in the ACTIV-2 trial. Viral load by qPCR and viral culture were performed from anterior nasal swabs collected on study days 0 (day of treatment), 1, 2, 3, and 7. Treatment with mAb resulted in rapid clearance of culturable virus in participants without treatment-emergent resistance. One day after treatment, 0 of 28 (0%) participants receiving mAb and 16 of 39 (41%) receiving placebo still had culturable virus (p <0.0001); nasal viral loads were only modestly lower in the mAb-treated group at days 2 and 3. Recrudescence of culturable virus was detected in three participants with emerging mAb resistance and viral load rebound. The rapid reduction in shedding of viable SARS-CoV-2 after mAb treatment highlights the potential role of mAbs in preventing disease transmission.
Source: Cell Reports Medicine
Authors: Julie Boucau, Kara W. Chew, Manish Choudhary, Rinki Deo, James Regan, James P. Flynn, Charles R. Crain, Michael D. Hughes, Justin Ritz, Carlee Moser, Joan A. Dragavon, Arzhang C. Javan, Ajay Nirula, Paul Klekotka, Alexander L. Greninger, Robert W. Coombs, William A Fischer, Eric S. Daar, David A. Wohl, Joseph J. Eron, Judith S. Currier, Davey M Smith, Jonathan Z. Li, Amy K. Barczak, for the ACTIV-2/A5401 Study Team
Institutions: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, University of Washington, National Institutes of Health, Eli Lilly (United States), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, University of California San Diego, Massachusetts General Hospital
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $5,200
Funders: Abbott Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Harvard University, Harvard University Center for AIDS Research, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, National Institutes of Health, Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington, Merck Sharp and Dohme, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Awards: G1050281965, G1386795942, G1575283533, G1722716446, G1819583291, G2737559749, G285461174, Leadership and Operations Center (LOC), AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG); LOC 1/, G336435875, G345173699, G3810609436, G4166928756, G4553935269, G650174051, G7785852513, G857487509, Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative of Cleveland, G9000039438, G9000047228, G9000054876, G9000129761, G9000182931, G9000292181, AIDS Clinical Trial Group Laboratory Center, University of North Carolina Global HIV Prevention and Treatment Clinical Trials Unit, Wits HIV Research Group CLINICAL TRIAL UNIT (CTU) reapplication, G90079629
OpenAlex ID: W4283156987