Year: 2022
Type: editorial
Abstract: Ly-6 (or Ly6) proteins were discovered in the mid-1970s and first described as differentially expressed alloantigens on mouse immune cells (Mckenzie et al., 1977;Woody, 1977).The biochemical characterization of Ly-6 proteins, cloning cDNA and chromosomal DNA sequences regulating their expression were reported in the 1980s (reviewed in Rock et al., 1989;Bamezai 2004).Generation of monoclonal antibodies against Ly-6 proteins in mid-1980s and early1990s aided in indepth investigations into their constitutive and cytokine (e.g., type 1/2 interferons) regulated cellular expression, biochemical characterization as well as provided insights in their possible physiological role (reviewed in Rock et al., 1989;Bamezai 2004).Collectively these reports show that Ly-6 glycoproteins are either secreted or membrane anchored through glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) lipid moiety, 12-14 kda, cysteine-rich glycoproteins.Role of Ly-6 proteins in cell adhesion and as regulators of signal transduction in immune (e.g., T lymphocytes) (Stanford et al., 1997;Henderson et al., 2002), and non-immune (e.g., neurons) cells (Miwa et al., 1999) has come to light.Besides immune (lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages), the non-immune cells (neurons, epithelial cells, gametes) across many species, such as worms, flies, mice, and humans exhibit expression of Ly-6 protein(s).Interestingly, all secreted or membrane anchored Ly-6 proteins show structural resemblance to the three-fingered venom toxins and urokinase Plasminogen Activating Receptor (uPAR) and share one or more "Ly-6/uPAR (LU) domain" (Tsetlin, 1999). SUMMARY OF FRONTIER CONTRIBUTIONSThe invited original and review articles in this volume report recent discoveries aiding in better understanding of the biology of LU proteins.Kulbastskii et al., show colocalization of endogenous GPI-tethered Lypd6 with α3β4-and α7-nAChRs in primary cortical and hippocampal neurons.These authors also report Lypd6 as the endogenous negative modulator of the cholinergic system in the brain.Bychkov et al., discuss SLURP-1 as a secreted LU-related protein-1 that negatively regulates nicotinic receptor α-7nAChR in controlling growth of lung adenocarcinoma cell line by downregulating a cell survival/metabolic pathway associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR.This report shows, in addition to interaction with α-7nAChR, SLURP-1 binds to platelet-derived growth factor receptor type α (PDGFRβ) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).Furthermore, their data
Authors: Anil K. Bamezai, Julie M. Miwa
Language: English
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,950
Funders: Villanova University, Lehigh University
OpenAlex ID: W4283323282