Year: 2022
Type: review
Abstract: Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are progenitors in alveoli and can repair the alveolar epithelium after injury. They are intertwined with the microenvironment for alveolar epithelial cell homeostasis and re-epithelialization. A variety of ATII cell niches, transcription factors, mediators, and signaling pathways constitute a specific environment to regulate ATII cell function. Particularly, WNT/β-catenin, YAP/TAZ, NOTCH, TGF-β, and P53 signaling pathways are dynamically involved in ATII cell proliferation and differentiation, although there are still plenty of unknowns regarding the mechanism. However, an imbalance of alveolar cell death and proliferation was observed in patients with pulmonary emphysema, contributing to alveolar wall destruction and impaired gas exchange. Cigarette smoking causes oxidative stress and is the primary cause of this disease development. Aberrant inflammatory and oxidative stress responses result in loss of cell homeostasis and ATII cell dysfunction in emphysema. Here, we discuss the current understanding of alveolar re-epithelialization and altered reparative responses in the pathophysiology of this disease. Current therapeutics and emerging treatments, including cell therapies in clinical trials, are addressed as well.
Source: Cells
Authors: Chih-Ru Lin, Karim Bahmed, Beata Kosmider
Institution: Temple University
Language: English
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,303
Awards: Regulation of alveolar epithelial regeneration by T cells, G2362162458, EXOSOMES AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN GULF WAR ILLNESS., THE ROLE OF TRAF6 IN PRIMARY ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL CELL INJURY, G4010414090, G4142068631, G4444797698, G4504774779, G4795341623, G5303048665, Regulation of lung epithelium regeneration, Alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction induced by flavored e-cigarette aerosols, G6367822613, G6459227591, G6711965350, G6784531071, G7641848566, G7799279582, G8016439227, G8218134361, G8374279843, G8828413442
OpenAlex ID: W4283705179