Expression of multi-cytokine resistance and multi-growth factor independence in advanced stage metastatic cancer. Malignant melanoma as a paradigm.
Year: 1992
Type: article
Abstract: Evidence is briefly reviewed, primarily in the context of human melanoma, which suggests that acquisition of resistance to multiple, structurally diverse, growth inhibitory cytokines occurs during malignant tumor progression. A similar pleiotrophy appears to occur with respect to growth factor independence. Also discussed is the notion that growth factors that behave as inhibitors for early-stage, benign tumor cells can 'switch' so as to function as mitogens for tumor cells from more advanced stages of disease progression, i.e., when the cells acquire competence for metastasis. The combined phenotypes of 'multicytokine resistance' and 'multi-growth factor independence' help provide tumor cells with the competence to grow in the mesenchymes of the primary organ site and in distant organs.
Source: PubMed Central
Author: R S Kerbel
Institution: Sunnybrook Health Science Centre
Language: English
Topic: Cancer Cells and Metastasis
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funder: National Cancer Institute
OpenAlex ID: W4290138572