Year: 2022
Type: review
Abstract: T cells, play an important role in the host defense against pathogens and allergens by producing Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, to trigger inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence reveals that Th2 cells also contribute to the repair of injured tissues after inflammatory reactions. However, when the tissue repair process becomes chronic, excessive, or uncontrolled, pathological fibrosis is induced, leading to organ failure and death. Thus, proper control of Th2 cells is needed for complete tissue repair without the induction of fibrosis. Recently, the existence of pathogenic Th2 (Tpath2) cells has been revealed. Tpath2 cells produce large amounts of Th2 cytokines and induce type 2 inflammation when activated by antigen exposure or tissue injury. In recent studies, Tpath2 cells are suggested to play a central role in the induction of type 2 inflammation whereas the role of Tpath2 cells in tissue repair and fibrosis has been less reported in comparison to conventional Th2 cells. In this review, we discuss the roles of conventional Th2 cells and pathogenic Th2 cells in the sequence of tissue inflammation, repair, and fibrosis.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology
Language: English
Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,950
Funders: Takeda Science Foundation, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Kowa Company, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Kowa Life Science Foundation, MSD Life Science Foundation, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Science and Technology Agency
Awards: Elucidation of the novel oxidative stress scavenging mechanism of Txnip that induces asthma exacerbation, G1938401871, G2033799769, G2136919116, G2515273965, G2751493042, G2773106598, Elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of fibrosis-inducing-pathogenic CD4+ T cells, G3196778786, Elucidation of epigenomic aging and pathogenic mechanisms in senescent pathogenic helper T cells, G3922976270, G4085037761, G4656912731, Elucidation of pathogenic immunological memory to understand the pathogenesis of intractable inflammatory diseases, G5061433525, IL-33活性化の新規制御機構解明による難治性アレルギー性気道炎症の治療法開発, Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying pathological inflammation caused by aberrant DNA methylation, G5621084446, G5838074417, G5912649084, G6002895631, G6555991764, G6836358976, G8228720763, Heterochromatin dysfunction and its related diseases induced by impaired DNA demethylation, Investigation of the mechanism of asthma exacerbation via memory Th2 cell formation by oxidative stress regulation, G8805126096
OpenAlex ID: W4290739332