Identifying Paucisymptomatic or Asymptomatic and Unrecognized Ebola Virus Disease Among Close Contacts Based on Exposure Risk Assessments and Screening Algorithms
Year: 2022
Type: article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence to evaluate screening algorithms with rapid antigen testing and exposure assessments as identification strategies for paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic Ebola virus (EBOV) infection and unrecognized EBOV disease (EVD). METHODS: We used serostatus and self-reported postexposure symptoms from a cohort study to classify contact-participants as having no infection, paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic infection, or unrecognized EVD. Exposure risk was categorized as low, intermediate, or high. We created hypothetical scenarios to evaluate the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition with or without rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) or exposure assessments. RESULTS: This analysis included 990 EVD survivors and 1909 contacts, of whom 115 (6%) had paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic EBOV infection, 107 (6%) had unrecognized EVD, and 1687 (88%) were uninfected. High-risk exposures were drivers of unrecognized EVD (adjusted odds ratio, 3.5 [95% confidence interval, 2.4-4.9]). To identify contacts with unrecognized EVD who test negative by the WHO case definition, the sensitivity was 96% with RDT (95% confidence interval, 91%-99%), 87% with high-risk exposure (82%-92%), and 97% with intermediate- to high-risk exposures (93%-99%). The proportion of false-positives was 2% with RDT and 53%-93% with intermediate- and/or high-risk exposures. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the utility and trade-offs of sequential screening algorithms with RDT or exposure risk assessments as identification strategies for contacts with unrecognized EVD.
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,320
Funders: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Fogarty International Center, NHLBI Division of Intramural Research
Awards: G170986287, G2923347234, G301795211, G3503792436, G386607036, Social Epidemiology of COVID-19, G4585269469, Understanding the epidemiology and natural history of unrecognized Ebola virus infection, G5867949827, G5888954722, G7257991746, Ebola modeling: behavior, asymptomatic infection, and contacts, Training in Clinical and Epidemiological Research for Liberia (TRACER), G8518568995, International Traineeships in AIDS Prevention Studies (ITAPS)
OpenAlex ID: W4294126396