Rippling 3-Riemannian structure describing gravity: an alternative to dark matter validated by 130 galaxy rotation curves
Year: 2022
Type: preprint
Abstract: I present a novel theory of gravity that is in correspondence with general relativity (GR) results and resolves the missing mass problem ('dark matter'). It is a theory of emergence of local length and time scales not measurement. While locally length or time scales are constant, measurements can be arbitrary. I use light wave as measuring instrument i.e. wavelength and period define one unit of length and time scales respectively. By energy-momentum relation in special relativity, variation in proper time and proper length is symmetric i.e. there is coequality in variation of length and time scales. This is the founding principle of the proposed theory and is evident in metric solutions to GR EFEs. Building on the hypothesis that matter and energy are separate physical entities, I propose energy is a property of a three-dimensional probabilistic structure spanning space. Mass interacts by binding energy density which causes variations in length and time scales, mathematically equivalent to spacetime curvature in GR. The theory introduces Einstein's Reduced Equation that enables evaluating variation in local length scales from the wave vector of flow of energy and following the principle, variation in time scales can be known. Thus, gravity is defined by flow and distribution of energy. This leads to modification to EFEs and two sets of EFEs are proposed, for large and largest scales, which smoothly deform into each other. On large scale the flow of energy bounded by source mass is inwards i.e. gravity is attractive and on largest scales, the local energy density is monotonically decreasing causing repulsion. The proposed theory extends GR and key predictions include flat galaxy rotation curves and dependence of cosmological constant on space and time coordinates equivalent to a negative source mass. The theory is validated by comparing the predicted and the observed rotation curves based on SPARC data set of late-type galaxies. The rotation curve analysis is based on fluid dynamics and defines regimes of validity of Newtonian dynamics and MOND for galactic dynamics. MOND acceleration scale is given a physical meaning and is equivalent to baryonic mass << mass equivalence of cumulative energy density at transition radius.
Source: HAL
Author: S Naarayan, Shivam
Institution: University of Delhi
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4297686082