Updated Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Year: 2016
Type: article
Abstract: The adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure constitute a continuum of disabilities (fetal alcohol spectrum disorders [FASD]). In 1996, the Institute of Medicine established diagnostic categories delineating the spectrum but not specifying clinical criteria by which diagnoses could be assigned. In 2005, the authors published practical guidelines operationalizing the Institute of Medicine categories, allowing for standardization of FASD diagnoses in clinical settings. The purpose of the current report is to present updated diagnostic guidelines based on a thorough review of the literature and the authors' combined expertise based on the evaluation of >10 000 children for potential FASD in clinical settings and in epidemiologic studies in conjunction with National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism-funded studies, the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, and the Collaboration on FASD Prevalence. The guidelines were formulated through conference calls and meetings held at National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism offices in Rockville, MD. Specific areas addressed include the following: precise definition of documented prenatal alcohol exposure; neurobehavioral criteria for diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome, partial fetal alcohol syndrome, and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder; revised diagnostic criteria for alcohol-related birth defects; an updated comprehensive research dysmorphology scoring system; and a new lip/philtrum guide for the white population, incorporating a 45-degree view. The guidelines reflect consensus among a large and experienced cadre of FASD investigators in the fields of dysmorphology, epidemiology, neurology, psychology, developmental/behavioral pediatrics, and educational diagnostics. Their improved clarity and specificity will guide clinicians in accurate diagnosis of infants and children prenatally exposed to alcohol.
Source: PEDIATRICS
Authors: H. Eugene Hoyme, Wendy O. Kalberg, Amy J. Elliott, Jason Blankenship, David Buckley, Anna-Susan Marais, Melanie A. Manning, Luther K. Robinson, Margaret P. Adam, Omar Abdul-Rahman, Tamison Jewett, Claire D. Coles, Christina Chambers, Kenneth L. Jones, Colleen M. Adnams, Prachi E. Shah, Edward P. Riley, Michael E. Charness, Kenneth R. Warren, Philip A. May
Institutions: University of Arizona, University of South Dakota, Sanford Research, University of New Mexico, Stellenbosch University, Stanford Medicine, Stanford University, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, University of Washington, University of Mississippi Medical Center, University of Mississippi, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Emory University, University of California San Diego, University of Cape Town, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, San Diego State University, Boston University, Harvard University, VA Boston Healthcare System, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Language: English
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W2492998196