Year: 2020
Type: article
Abstract: Enhancers control the correct temporal and cell type-specific activation of gene expression in higher eukaryotes. Knowing their properties, regulatory activity and targets is crucial to understand the regulation of differentiation and homeostasis. We use the FANTOM5 panel of samples covering the majority of human tissues and cell types to produce an atlas of active, in vivo transcribed enhancers. We show that enhancers share properties with CpG-poor mRNA promoters but produce bidirectional, exosome-sensitive, relatively short unspliced RNAs, the generation of which is strongly related to enhancer activity. The atlas is used to compare regulatory programs between different cells at unprecedented depth, identify disease-associated regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms, and classify cell type-specific and ubiquitous enhancers. We further explore the utility of enhancer redundancy, which explains gene expression strength rather than expression patterns. The online FANTOM5 enhancer atlas represents a unique resource for studies on cell type-specific enhancers and gene regulation.
DOI: 10.17615/x8js-y766
Authors: Boyd, Mette, Lilje, Berit, Glatz, Dagmar, Arner, Erik, Bertin, Nicolas, Rapin, Nicolas, Mungall, Christopher J., Rackham, Owen, Andersson, Robin, Miguel-Escalada, Irene, Bagger, Frederik Otzen, Furuhata, Erina, Chen, Yun, Gebhard, Claudia, Li, Kang, Raithel, Johanna, Ishizu, Yuri, Maeda, Shiori, Hoof, Ilka, Schmidl, Christian, Bornholdt, Jette, Andersen, Peter Refsing, Shimizu, Yuri, Schwarzfischer, Lucia, Jørgensen, Mette, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Negishi, Yutaka, Zhao, Xiaobei, Suzuki, Takahiro, Valen, Eivind, Ntini, Evgenia, Burroughs, A. Maxwell
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4300419880