Year: 2023
Type: article
Abstract: Convergent disk migration has long been suspected to be responsible for forming planetary systems with a chain of mean-motion resonances (MMRs). Dynamical evolution over time could disrupt the delicate resonant configuration. We present TOI-1136, a 700 ± 150 Myr old G star hosting at least six transiting planets between ∼2 and 5 R ⊕ . The orbital period ratios deviate from exact commensurability by only 10 −4 , smaller than the ∼10 −2 deviations seen in typical Kepler near-resonant systems. A transit-timing analysis measured the masses of the planets (3–8 M ⊕ ) and demonstrated that the planets in TOI-1136 are in true resonances with librating resonant angles. Based on a Rossiter–McLaughlin measurement of planet d, the star’s rotation appears to be aligned with the planetary orbital planes. The well-aligned planetary system and the lack of a detected binary companion together suggest that TOI-1136's resonant chain formed in an isolated, quiescent disk with no stellar flyby, disk warp, or significant axial asymmetry. With period ratios near 3:2, 2:1, 3:2, 7:5, and 3:2, TOI-1136 is the first known resonant chain involving a second-order MMR (7:5) between two first-order MMRs. The formation of the delicate 7:5 resonance places strong constraints on the system’s migration history. Short-scale (starting from ∼0.1 au) Type-I migration with an inner disk edge is most consistent with the formation of TOI-1136. A low disk surface density (Σ 1 au ≲ 10 3 g cm −2 ; lower than the minimum-mass solar nebula) and the resultant slower migration rate likely facilitated the formation of the 7:5 second-order MMR.
Source: The Astronomical Journal
Authors: Fei Dai, Kento Masuda, Corey Beard, Paul Robertson, Max Goldberg, Konstantin Batygin, Luke Bouma, Jack J. Lissauer, Emil Knudstrup, Simon Albrecht, Andrew W. Howard, Heather A. Knutson, Erik A. Petigura, Lauren M. Weiss, Howard Isaacson, Martti Holst Kristiansen, Hugh Osborn, Songhu Wang, Xian-Yu Wang, Aida Behmard, Michael Greklek-McKeon, Shreyas Vissapragada, Natalie M. Batalha, Casey L. Brinkman, Ashley Chontos, Ian Crossfield, Courtney Dressing, Tara Fetherolf, Benjamin Fulton, Michelle L. Hill, Daniel Huber, Stephen R. Kane, Jack Lubin, Mason MacDougall, Andrew Mayo, Teo Močnik, Joseph M. Akana Murphy, Ryan A. Rubenzahl, Nicholas Scarsdale, Dakotah Tyler, Judah Van Zandt, Alex S. Polanski, Hans Martin Schwengeler, Ivan A. Terentev, Paul Benni, Allyson Bieryla, David Ciardi, Ben Falk, E. Furlan, Eric Girardin, Pere Guerra, Katharine M. Hesse, Steve B. Howell, J. Lillo-Box, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Joseph D. Twicken, Joel Villaseñor, David W. Latham, Jon M. Jenkins, George R. Ricker, Sara Seager, Roland Vanderspek, Joshua N. Winn
Institutions: California Institute of Technology, The University of Osaka, University of California, Irvine, Ames Research Center, Aarhus University, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Notre Dame, University of Southern Queensland, University of California, Berkeley, University of Bern, Center for Space and Habitability, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Astronomical Observatories, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, University of Hawaii System, Princeton University, University of Kansas, University of California, Riverside, NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, NSF NOIRLab, International Gemini Observatory, University of Oxford, Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian, Space Telescope Science Institute, Centro de Astrobiología, University of Geneva, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,499
OpenAlex ID: W4313511626