Deep-learning-based generation of synthetic 6-minute MRI from 2-minute MRI for use in head and neck cancer radiotherapy

Year: 2022

Type: article

Abstract: Background: Quick magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with low contrast-to-noise ratio are typically acquired for daily MRI-guided radiotherapy setup. However, for patients with head and neck (HN) cancer, these images are often insufficient for discriminating target volumes and organs at risk (OARs). In this study, we investigated a deep learning (DL) approach to generate high-quality synthetic images from low-quality images. Methods: We used 108 unique HN image sets of paired 2-minute T2-weighted scans (2mMRI) and 6-minute T2-weighted scans (6mMRI). 90 image sets (~20,000 slices) were used to train a 2-dimensional generative adversarial DL model that utilized 2mMRI as input and 6mMRI as output. Eighteen image sets were used to test model performance. Similarity metrics, including the mean squared error (MSE), structural similarity index (SSIM), and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) were calculated between normalized synthetic 6mMRI and ground-truth 6mMRI for all test cases. In addition, a previously trained OAR DL auto-segmentation model was used to segment the right parotid gland, left parotid gland, and mandible on all test case images. Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) were calculated between 2mMRI and either ground-truth 6mMRI or synthetic 6mMRI for each OAR; two one-sided t-tests were applied between the ground-truth and synthetic 6mMRI to determine equivalence. Finally, a visual Turing test using paired ground-truth and synthetic 6mMRI was performed using three clinician observers; the percentage of images that were correctly identified was compared to random chance using proportion equivalence tests. Results: The median similarity metrics across the whole images were 0.19, 0.93, and 33.14 for MSE, SSIM, and PSNR, respectively. The median of DSCs comparing ground-truth vs. synthetic 6mMRI auto-segmented OARs were 0.86 vs. 0.85, 0.84 vs. 0.84, and 0.82 vs. 0.85 for the right parotid gland, left parotid gland, and mandible, respectively (equivalence p<0.05 for all OARs). The percent of images correctly identified was equivalent to chance (p<0.05 for all observers). Conclusions: Using 2mMRI inputs, we demonstrate that DL-generated synthetic 6mMRI outputs have high similarity to ground-truth 6mMRI, but further improvements can be made. Our study facilitates the clinical incorporation of synthetic MRI in MRI-guided radiotherapy.

Source: Frontiers in Oncology

DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.975902

Authors: Kareem A. Wahid, Jiaofeng Xu, Dina El-Habashy, Yomna Khamis, Moamen Abobakr, Brigid McDonald, Nicolette O’Connell, Daniel Thill, Sara Ahmed, Christina Setareh Sharafi, Kathryn Preston, Travis C Salzillo, Abdallah Mohamed, Renjie He, Nathan Cho, John Christodouleas, Clifton D. Fuller, Mohamed A. Naser

Institutions: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Elekta (Sweden), Menoufia University, Alexandria University

Language: English

Topic: Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques

Subfield: Radiation

Field: Physics and Astronomy

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,950

Funders: National Science Foundation, Elekta, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, National Institutes of Health, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Division of Mathematical Sciences

OpenAlex ID: W4308595040