Dysregulated Cholesterol Metabolism Including Oxysterols in the Pathophysiology of Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Implications - A Narrative Review
Year: 2023
Type: review
Abstract: Breast Cancer (BC) represents one of the commonest cancer in case of women.During 2018 it was calculated that mortality of 627, 800 women occurred due to BC. BC has multiple factors contributing to its etiology besides is a chronic disease.Earlier we updated the pathophysiology and treatment of BC.Despite significant advancements have been made regarding its treatment, numerous queries remain regarding carcinogenesis.At the time of carcinogenesis cells illustrate decontrolled cholesterol homeostasis.Subsequent to this intracellular cholesterol accrual takes place which is the requirement for sustenance of greater growth rate.Both cholesterol efflux along with influx represent 2 metabolic pathways which is essential for avoidance of intracellular cholesterol accrual.Liver X receptor (LXRs) reflect nuclear receptors which following activation result in the expression of ABC transporters implicated in facilitating cholesterol efflux besides causing Induction of IDOL (inducible degrader of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) implicated in cholesterol influx reduction.Oxysterols are oxygenated cholesterol products that get generated via various pathways have been invented in the form of LXR particular ligands.Certain Oxysterols are implicated in tumor generation, whereas others are believed to work as anti tumor substances.Thus here we conducted a narrative review utilizing search engine pubmed, google scholar; web of science; embase; Cochrane review library utilizing the MeSH terms like Breast Cancer; cholesterol homeostasis; LXRs; Oxysterols; 27OHC; pro-protein convertase subtilisn/kexin type9 (PCSK9) in BC generation, from 1983 till date 2022.We found over 2000 articles where we used 50 articles due to journal specification for this review.Here we detail regarding the implication of cholesterol, Oxysterols along with LXRs in the pathophysiology of BC, highlighting the biological actions of LXRs ligands.Further the part of PCSK9 regarding the breast cancer robustness along with cholesterogenic gene signatures might aid in anticipating prognosis of young breast cancer patients.
Source: Acta Scientific Cancer Biology
Author: Kulvinder Kochar Kaur
Institution: Rotunda – The Center for Human Reproduction
Language: English
Subfield: Cancer Research
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4313520359