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Eating disorder risk during behavioral weight management in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review with meta‐analysis

Year: 2023
Type: review
Abstract: Summary This systematic review examined change in eating disorder risk during weight management interventions. Four databases and clinical trials registries were searched in March and May 2022, respectively, to identify behavioral weight management intervention trials in adults with overweight/obesity measuring eating disorder symptoms at pre‐ and post‐intervention or follow‐up. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted examining within group change in risk. Of 12,023 screened, 49 were eligible ( n = 6337, mean age range 22.1 to 59.9 years, mean (SD) 81(20.4)% female). Interventions ranged from 4 weeks to 18 months, with follow‐up of 10 weeks to 36 months post‐intervention. There was a within group reduction in global eating disorder scores (20 intervention arms; Hedges' g = −0.27; 95% CI −0.36, −0.17; I 2 67.1%) and binge eating (49 intervention arms; −0.66; 95% CI −0.76, −0.56; I 2 82.7%) post‐intervention, both maintained at follow‐up. Of 14 studies reporting prevalence or episodes of binge eating, all reported a reduction. Four studies reported eating disorder symptoms, not present at baseline, in a subset of participants (0%–6.5%). Overall, behavioral weight management interventions do not increase eating disorder symptoms for most adults; indeed, a modest reduction is seen post‐intervention and follow‐up. A small subset of participants may experience disordered eating; therefore, monitoring for the emergence of symptoms is important.
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13561
Authors: Hiba Jebeile, Sol Libesman, Hannah Melville, Timothy Low‐wah, Genevieve Dammery, Anna L. Seidler, Rebecca A. Jones, Caitlin M. McMaster, Susan J. Paxton, Andrew J. Hill, Amy L. Ahern, Sarah P. Garnett, Caroline Braet, Denise E. Wilfley, Louise A. Baur, Natalie B. Lister
Institutions: The University of Sydney, Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Cambridge, MRC Epidemiology Unit, La Trobe University, University of Leeds, Ghent University, Washington University in St. Louis
Language: English
Field: Psychology
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,940
Funders: Washington University in St. Louis, University of Sydney, Medical Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council, Sydney Medical School, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Sydney Medical School Foundation
Awards: G14010149, What, when, and how to treat adolescents with obesity: generating evidence for clinical dietetic practice, G2348270525, G4527031694, Transforming the prevention and treatment of child and adolescent obesity, NextGen evidence synthesis to maximise data utility and improve health outcomes, G6601980103, G7818755031, The Washington University Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Washington University Nutrition Obesity Research Center
OpenAlex ID: W4324309239
FWCI: 3.19
Cites: 79
Cited by: 63
Related to: 10