Year: 2023
Type: article
Abstract: The dissipation in an irreversible step process is reduced when the number of steps is increased in any refinement of the steps in the process. This is a consequence of the ladder theorem, which states that, for any irreversible process proceeding by a sequence of relaxations, dividing any relaxation step into two will result in a new sequence that is more efficient than the original one. This results in a more-steps-the-better rule, even when the new sequence of steps is not reoptimized. This superiority of many steps is well established empirically in, e.g., insulation and separation applications. In particular, the fact that the division of any step into two steps improves the overall efficiency has interesting implications for biological evolution and emphasizes thermodynamic length as a central measure for dissipation.
Source: Entropy
DOI: 10.3390/e25030539
Institutions: San Diego State University, University of Copenhagen
Language: English
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,224
OpenAlex ID: W4328125642