Year: 2023
Type: preprint
Abstract: Quantum computing holds tremendous potential for various applications, but its security remains a crucial concern. Quantum circuits need high-quality compilers to optimize the depth and gate count to boost the success probability on current noisy quantum computers. There is a rise of efficient but unreliable/untrusted compilers; however, they present a risk of tampering such as Trojan insertion. We propose TrojanNet, a novel approach to enhance the security of quantum circuits by detecting and classifying Trojan-inserted circuits. In particular, we focus on the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) circuit that is popular in solving a wide range of optimization problems. We investigate the impact of Trojan insertion on QAOA circuits and develop a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, referred to as TrojanNet, to identify their presence accurately. Using the Qiskit framework, we generate 12 diverse datasets by introducing variations in Trojan gate types, the number of gates, insertion locations, and compiler backends. These datasets consist of both original Trojan-free QAOA circuits and their corresponding Trojan-inserted counterparts. The generated datasets are then utilized for training and evaluating the TrojanNet model. Experimental results showcase an average accuracy of 98.80% and an average F1-score of 98.53% in effectively detecting and classifying Trojan-inserted QAOA circuits. Finally, we conduct a performance comparison between TrojanNet and existing machine learning-based Trojan detection methods specifically designed for conventional netlists.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Authors: Das, Subrata, Ghosh, Swaroop
Institution: Pennsylvania State University
Language: English
Subfield: Hardware and Architecture
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: SaTC: EDU: Advancing Cybersecurity Education through Self-Learning Cybersecurity Training Kit, SaTC: CORE: Small: SLIQ: Securing Large-Scale Noisy-Intermediate Scale Quantum Computing, SaTC: Collaborative: Exploiting Spintronics for Security, Trust and Authentication, SaTC: EDU: A Curriculum for Quantum Security and Trust, SHF:Small: Collaborative Research: Exploring 3-Dimensional Integration Strategies of STTRAM, NSF Convergence Accelerator - Track C: SQAI: Scalable Quantum Artificial Intelligence for Discovery, SaTC: EDU: CyCAD: A Virtual Platform for Cybersecurity Curriculum on Analog Design, FET:Medium: Drug discovery using quantum machine learning
OpenAlex ID: W4382765719