Year: 2023
Type: conference-paper
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Introduction: Tetanus is an acute intoxication caused by tetanospasmin, which binds irreversibly to spinal cord and brainstem receptors, being taken there through retrograde axonal transport, blocking inhibitory neurotransmission, promoting muscle contraction, spasms and a hypersympathetic state. Methods: The work is a descriptive study that statistically analyzes and describes the cases of accidental tetanus in Brazil between 2012 and 2022 through data obtained by the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). Results: The total number of cases was 2.596 and 846 progressed to death. The annual media was 236 cases. From 2012 to 2022, the percentage change in the number of annual new cases was -38.55%, demonstrating a drop in the number of cases. Also, the percentage change in the lethality from 2012 to 2022 was -76.53%. Among the regions, Northeast had the highest prevence (31.9%). Regarding skin color/ethnicity is: White: 32.51%; Black: 8.35%; Brown: 52.54%. The most affected age group was 40–59 years old (n% = 39.21). Of the 846 reported deaths, 313/846 occurred in this age group. About sex, 2212 cases ocurred in men. Data on the education show that 129 were illiterate; 29.9% have an incomplete secondary education; 8.16% have completed secondary education; Ignored/blank: 47.45%. Conclusion: Despite the reduction in cases, a reflection of greater vaccination coverage, tetanus still has a high lethality. The increase in cases with aging, but still in working age can be explained by the reduction of reflexes, ability and visual acuity. The pattern of higher prevalence in men can be elucidate by the work distribution, in which they are the majority in professions with higher risk, such as agriculture and construction. Furthermore, there is a pattern of low education linked to a greater number of cases, which can be explained by the work pattern and low adherence to vaccination campaigns in these groups.
Language: English
Subfield: Endocrinology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W4383567650