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Neonatal bacilllus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) administration did not limit influenza A virus replication or clinical disease in pigs

Year: 2023
Type: conference-abstract
Abstract: A potential immunomodulation mechanism for improving disease resilience is innate training, which relies on epigenetic modifications of immune cells for a heightened (ie, trained) response upon repeated microbial stimulation. Prior experiences indicate bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) exposure increases cytokine production upon secondary exposure to microbe-associated molecular patterns, and epidemiological data suggest improved disease resistance in humans administered neonatal BCG. Neonatal piglets received BCG or mock inoculum via intravenous (IV) route and were subsequently exposed to influenza A virus (IAV) inoculated piglets. Body temperature was recorded and nasal swabs collected through the acute phase of viral infection. At necropsy, gross lung pathology was assessed. In addition, prior to IAV challenge, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and monocytes were isolated from mock and BCG inoculated animals and stimulated in vitro with LPS to evaluate in vivo induction of a trained phenotype via cytokine production and gene expression. PBMC were stimulated with PPD antigen to assess antigen-specific T cell responses to BCG inoculation. PPD-specific IFNγ production by PBMCs was minimal; yet upon in vitro LPS exposure, monocytes isolated from IV BCG treated piglets produced more IL-1β and TNF cytokine than monocytes from mock pigs (ie, trained phenotype). However, no significant differences in clinical presentation or nasal and lung IAV titers were detected. BCG administration induced a trained phenotype in porcine peripheral monocytes, it did not translate into a significant alteration in respiratory viral infection. USDA-ARS-NIFA 2019-07511
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.73.09
Language: English
Subfield: Immunology
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4385685933
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