Intricacies of Near-miss Phenomenon: Implications for Cognitive Bias and Gambling Behaviors
Year: 2023
Type: article
Abstract: The concept of the near-miss phenomenon has garnered considerable attention within the realm of problem-gambling research due to its intricate impact on problematic gambling behaviors. This paper delves into the multifaceted dynamics of near-misses as a compelling factor influencing gambling activities. Notably, the allure of near-misses lies in their potential to elicit psychologically gratifying experiences, even in the context of losses. The widely recognized "I was so close" paradigm shapes the immediate response to near-miss encounters, inducing emotions such as suspense, excitement, and thrill, ultimately compelling individuals to sustain or escalate their gambling pursuits. The near-miss operates as an intermediate reinforcement, distinct from the continuous rewards received during gambling sessions. Studies reveal that both wins and near-misses trigger physiological arousal in gamblers, shedding light on the cognitive biases that underlie repetitive gambling behaviors. This research underscores the distinct cognitive bias associated with near-miss encounters, emphasizing their role as pivotal triggers in the gambling cycle. The psychological implications of near-miss experiences have been analyzed through the lens of cognitive regret and anger theory. A recent investigation into scratchcard players reveals that, despite perceiving near-misses as negative outcomes, players swiftly transition to the next game following such events, suggesting a complex interplay of emotions and motivations. The paper further explores the concept of near-misses within the context of different types of games, notably distinguishing between direct and indirect near-misses. The rise of slot games has necessitated this distinction, with indirect near-misses becoming a prominent structural feature in modern slot games and certain scratch cards. Manufacturers employ techniques such as 'award symbol ratio' to create illusory near-misses above and below pay lines, amplifying the perceived proximity to winning outcomes. The study meticulously examines the player's cognitive response to these techniques, addressing mathematical, ethical, and legal implications, as well as their potential to skew player perceptions. Through in-depth analysis, this paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the near-miss phenomenon's intricate role in shaping gambling behaviors and experiences
Authors: Abbott M W, Volberg R A
Language: English
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4385777266