Potential Mechanisms of Combined Lead (Pb) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Exposure in Liver Disease
Year: 2023
Type: preprint
Abstract: Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi11 Department of Built Environment, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University; Greensboro, NC, 27411 USA; [email protected]: This paper explores the mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and lead(Pb) exposure and how they interact to promote liver dysfunction. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2. The environment in which one resides may result in acute and chronically Pb-exposed individuals being infected with SARS-CoV-2. The effects of this exposure on liver dysfunction and its mechanisms are not fully understood. This paper seeks to close this gap in the literature by exploring potential ways this interaction may occur. Results indicated that the interaction of Pb and SARS-CoV-2 and its effects on the liver are likely through the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Specifically, the rise of inflammation and oxidative stress and the promotion of fibrosis and apoptosis via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were all potentially critical pathways identified. The release of liver injury enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and their role in contributing to thrombosis, coagulopathy, and liver injury are also identified. Finally, how combined exposure may lead to endothelial-mediated inflammation and thrombosis, subsequently bringing forth NASH and NAFLD via increased Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is discussed.________________*Address correspondence to Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi, Department of Built Environment; North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University; Greensboro, NC, 27411 USA; Phone:1-336-285-3132; Fax:1-336-334-7433 Email: [email protected]: Lead; Exposure; Mixed Exposures; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Metals; Viruses; Exposome; Hepatic; Liver1. Introduction
Author: Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4386852529