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Neurophysiological Biomarkers

Year: 2023
Type: book-chapter
Abstract: The use of biomarkers to drive the diagnosis and prognosis of neuropsychiatric disorders and predict the effects of treatment response is a central focus of twenty-first-century medical research. The absence of effective neurophysiological biomarkers in routine clinical practice is attributed to the inadequacy of technologies that can accurately diagnose neuropsychiatric disorders by providing objective and quantitative biological evidence, rather than relying solely on verbal descriptions of symptoms. Integration of recent advances in neurophysiology and neuroscience research has opened up new possibilities for the development of biomarker-assisted techniques through innovative analytical strategies. This chapter presents an introductory overview of the innovative methodological strategies utilized for the identification of neurophysiological biomarkers. These strategies encompass a diverse range of techniques, including neuroimaging methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and neurophysiological methods such as electroencephalogram (EEG), as well as approaches based on local activation, network science, and control theory. Clinical applications of innovative technologies in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and stroke, will also be discussed. We explore the ways in which preclinical and clinical research are driving the development of biomarker-assisted techniques and emphasize the importance of both forward and reverse translation approaches. We also highlight the need to improve the design of clinical trials, informed by the patient’s neurophysiological phenotype, to revitalize clinical trials in neuropsychiatry and better leverage neurophysiological biomarkers. Transitioning from the descriptive stages to the neurophysiological biomarker-aided stage, which can be evaluated in real-life cohorts, is crucial to developing novel interventions and personalized medicines for preventing the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders and effectively treating these conditions.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43356-6_3
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,840
OpenAlex ID: W4389212341
FWCI: 2.568
Cites: 99
Cited by: 2
Related to: 10