Work

Association of Diabetes With Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Mitochondrial Energetics

Year: 2023

Type: article

Abstract: We investigated the association of diabetes with cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics in older adults (N=876, mean age ± SD: 76.3 ± 5.0 yrs.; 59% females) from the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). Participants were grouped by self-reported diabetes status (N=131, with diabetes). Cardiorespiratory fitness (modified Balke protocol), mitochondrial energetics (31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy [31P-MRS] and high resolution respirometry from skeletal muscle biopsy), physical activity (wearable accelerometer) and body composition (magnetic resonance imaging) were measured. Generalized linear regression models were used to calculate means adjusted by age, race, gender, BMI, and co-morbidities. Thigh fat-free muscle volume (p=0.12) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue depot (p=0.15) were similar between those with and without diabetes. However, visceral (18.84%, p>0.01) and intramuscular adipose tissue (6.57%, p=0.02) were higher in older adults with diabetes. VO2peak (-4.79%, p>0.01), and mitochondria energetics measured by ATPmax (-5.10%, p=0.04), maximum complex I+II carbohydrate (maxOXPHOSCHO) (-6.67%, p=0.02) and fatty acid (maxOXPHOSFAO) (-8.70%, p=0.01) stimulated respiration were lower in those with diabetes compared to those without. Following further adjustments for both physical activity and visceral adiposity, revealed that only VO2peak (-4.65%, p>0.01) and maxOXPHOSFAO (-7.38%, p=0.02) remained significantly lower in older adults with diabetes. Overall, our data suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondria energetics are reduced in older adults with diabetes, independent of visceral adiposity and physical activity.

Source: Innovation in Aging

DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad104.2085