Investigating phenotypic modifiers of Alzheimer’s disease utilizing cellular and transcriptomic signatures of PSEN1 mutation carriers
Year: 2023
Type: article
Abstract: Background PSEN1 mutations are the most common genetic cause for autosomal dominant forms of Alzheimer’s disease patients with an age at onset below 65 years (ADAD). Even though all PSEN1 mutations lead to an increased Aβ processing and production, there is a large variability in phenotypic presentation even in individuals with the same mutation. Splicing isoforms in AD genes are reported to be associated with the disease, however little is known about correlation between splicing pattern and phenotypic presentation (e.g. variable age onset). We hypothesized that cellular and transcriptomic alterations differ amongst patients with different phenotypic presentation. In a group of 8 ADAD with the same PSEN1 p.G206A mutation, we investigate the association between brain cell type proportion, gene expression, and splicing isoforms with age at onset, Aβ plaque type and severity of AD neuropathologic change. Methods Eight Hispanic ADAD cases with PSEN1 p.G206A mutation were identified in the Mayo Clinic brain bank housed in Jacksonville, FL. Standard (immuno)histochemical stains, including H&E and thioflavin S, were performed to evaluate AD neuropathologic change. We focused on distinct Aβ plaque types in an association cortex (inferior parietal gyrus) and primary cortex (motor). We carried‐out single‐nuclei short and long read RNA sequencing on both brain regions. We will stratify our transcriptomic analyses based on neuropathology and phenotypic presentation. Results We observed large variability in age at onset (median = 53 years; range: 42‐59 years). Furthermore, disease duration was reportedly variable (median = 10 years; range: 8‐17). All cases had a Braak tangle stage VI and Thal amyloid phase 5. Only 3 patients carried at least one APOE*ε4 risk allele, suggesting that its effect was minimal on ages at onset and death. Different plaque types were observed for short versus long survivors. In short survivors, plaques were predominantly fibrillar with an eosinophilic radial component, whereas in longer survivors predominantly cored plaques were observed. Conclusion Large phenotypic variability within patients with the same mutation is observed suggesting the involvement of yet to be discovered genetic modifiers. Understanding cellular transcriptomic events in ADAD is essential to future development of therapeutic approaches and development of biomarkers.
Source: Alzheimer s & Dementia
DOI: 10.1002/alz.080082
Institution: Mayo Clinic in Florida
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
OpenAlex ID: W4390198919