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Multilevel Racism and Discrimination and Cognitive Function and/or Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review

Year: 2023

Type: article

Abstract: Background Blacks experience the greatest burden of racism and are twice as likely to have Alzheimer’s or other dementias as Whites in addition to higher rates of cognitive decline which acts as an early warning sign for these clinical outcomes (Discrimination in America Report, 2018; Alzheimer’s Disease Facts & Figures, 2023). Examining the levels, types, and forms of racism and discrimination associated with cognitive functioning and decline is essential to clarify mechanistic pathways and aid opportunities for intervening upon racially disparate burdens in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s trajectories. This systematic review aimed to establish (a) relations of racism and discrimination to cognitive function and decline, (b) characterize these differences across the levels, types, and forms of racism and discrimination, and (c) detail these linkages across a comprehensive battery of cognitive endpoints, among community‐dwelling, neurologically healthy Black adults aged 18 and older. Method Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses protocol 2,997 studies were identified from searches in CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science published until April 7, 2023. We included original empirical articles that examined any form of racism and racial discrimination and cognitive functioning or decline across Blacks. These endpoints included Alzheimer’s disease; cognitive change, decline, function, impairment, performance; cognition; delayed recall, dementia; episodic or working memory; recall; neuropsychological performance; executive function; and fluency among others. Two reviewers independently screened full‐text articles. Result We will present ongoing results and discuss the current state of knowledge, quality of existing studies, biopsychosocial pathways and gaps in the literature. Conclusion We will also highlight potentially key next steps.

Source: Alzheimer s & Dementia

DOI: 10.1002/alz.083122

Authors: Danielle L. Beatty Moody, Regina Sims Wright, Shari R. Waldstein, Kellee White, Antione D. Taylor, Peter Maciver, Nedelina Tchangalova, Elizabeth J. Pantesco

Institutions: University of Maryland, Baltimore, University of Delaware, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, University of Maryland, College Park, Villanova University

Language: English

Topic: Racial and Ethnic Identity Research

Subfield: Sociology and Political Science

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Good health and well-being, Reduced inequalities

Open Access status: bronze

OpenAlex ID: W4390201487

FWCI:

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