Year: 2024
Type: other
Abstract: Legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative bacterium that causes Legionnaires' disease, a severe form of pneumonia. It can replicate within free-living biofilm-associated bacteria, infect aquatic amoeba, and exploit the same capacity to replicate within macrophages in the human respiratory system. Transmission primarily occurs through contaminated man-made water sources, such as air-conditioning systems, showers, and plumbing. Legionella 's biphasic life cycle, virulence factors (including secretion systems and effector proteins), interactions with amoeba, and manipulation of host cell functions contribute to its pathogenesis. Risk factors for Legionnaires' disease include age, smoking, alcohol consumption, chronic lung diseases, and travel. Diagnosis relies on patient history, clinical presentation, and various tests. Symptoms range from flu-like manifestations to respiratory complications, and long-term effects can involve respiratory dysfunction and comorbidities. Early recognition and treatment with antibiotics are crucial, but emerging antibiotic-resistant strains necessitate alternative options. Prevention involves water system monitoring, regulations, and public education. Advancements in water treatment, diagnostics, and targeted therapies are being developed. Enhancing our understanding and implementing effective strategies can help reduce the incidence and severity of Legionnaires' disease.
Institution: University of South Florida
Language: English
Subfield: Endocrinology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W4390605257