Deciphering Factors Linked With Reduced Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Susceptibility in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Factors influencing susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain to be resolved. Using data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study on 6270 people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and serologic assessment for SARS-CoV-2 and circulating human coronavirus (HCoV) antibodies, we investigated the association of HIV-related and general parameters with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test results, COVID-19-related hospitalizations, and deaths reported to the Swiss HIV Cohort Study between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2021. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs were determined in prepandemic (2019) and pandemic (2020) biobanked plasma samples and compared with findings in HIV-negative individuals. We applied logistic regression, conditional logistic regression, and bayesian multivariate regression to identify determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV. RESULTS: No HIV-1-related factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 acquisition. High prepandemic HCoV antibodies were associated with a lower risk of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and with higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses on infection. We observed a robust protective effect of smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk (adjusted odds ratio, 0.46 [95% confidence interval, .38-.56]; P < .001), which occurred even in previous smokers and was highest for heavy smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of 2 independent protective factors, smoking and HCoV antibodies, both affecting the respiratory environment, underscore the importance of the local immune milieu in regulating susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.
Authors: Irene A Abela, Anthony Hauser, Magdalena Schwarzmüller, Chloé Pasin, Katharina Kusejko, Selina Epp, Matthias Cavassini, Manuel Battegay, Andri Rauch, Alexandra Calmy, Julia Notter, Enos Bernasconi, Christoph A Fux, Karoline Leuzinger, Matthieu Perreau, Alban Ramette, Jochen Gottschalk, Eméry Schindler, Alexander Wepf, Maddalena Marconato, Markus G Manz, Beat M Frey, Dominique L Braun, Michael Huber, Huldrych F Günthard, Alexandra Trkola, Roger D Kouyos, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, I A Abela, K Aebi-Popp, A Anagnostopoulos, M Battegay, E Bernasconi, D L Braun, H C Bucher, A Calmy, M Cavassini, A Ciuffi, G Dollenmaier, M Egger, L Elzi, J Fehr, J Fellay, H Furrer, C A Fux, H F Günthard, A Hachfeld, D Haerry, B Hasse, H H Hirsch, M Hoffmann, I Hösli, M Huber, D Jackson-Perry, C R Kahlert, L Kaiser, O Keiser, T Klimkait, R D Kouyos, H Kovari, K Kusejko, N Labhardt, K Leuzinger, B Martinez de Tejada, C Marzolini, K J Metzner, N Müller, J Nemeth, D Nicca, J Notter, P Paioni, G Pantaleo, M Perreau, A Rauch, L Salazar-Vizcaya, P Schmid, R Speck, M Stöckle, P Tarr, A Trkola, G Wandeler, M Weisser, S Yerly
Institutions: University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Collegium Helveticum, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Basel, University Hospital of Basel, University of Bern, University Hospital of Bern, University of Geneva, University Hospital of Geneva, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Università della Svizzera italiana, Kantonsspital Aarau, University of Lausanne, Kantonsspital Winterthur
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $5,001
OpenAlex ID: W4390903751