Corrigendum: Iatrogenic air embolism: pathoanatomy, thromboinflammation, endotheliopathy, and therapies
Year: 2024
Type: erratum
Abstract: In the published article, there was a recurring error regarding the units of measurement for bubble diameter and radius. Ten (10) instances of the correct micrometer (µm) were erroneously changed to millimeter (mm) in the secondary review process (during which a case study was removed from the paper). In these 10 instances when "mm" appears, "µm" should instead appear. Note that only those instances of "mm" which refer to bubble size were erroneous. For example, using "mmHg" as a unit of pressure is correct and should not be changed.1. A correction has been made to Section 2: Pathoanatomy and importance of patient positioning, paragraph 2. This sentence previously stated: "In canine experiments, bubbles that were too small to get trapped (smaller than 22 mm) could enter directly into arterial circulations and provoke inflammation as they passed through the pulmonary circulation (65)."The corrected sentence appears below: "In canine experiments, bubbles that were too small to get trapped (smaller than 22 µm) could enter directly into arterial circulations and provoke inflammation as they passed through the pulmonary circulation (65)." 2. A correction has been made to Section 2.2.2: Direct arterial air embolism, paragraph 2. This sentence previously stated: "Durant's initial findings in canines have been supported by subsequent studies on anesthetized swine wherein air bubbles with diameters of 150 mm and volumes of 0.002 cc/kg of body weight were injected into coronary circulation and caused severe life-threatening arrhythmias and signs of global cardiac dysfunction (3,85,86)."The corrected sentence appears below: "Durant's initial findings in canines have been supported by subsequent studies on anesthetized swine wherein air bubbles with diameters of 150 µm and volumes of 0.002 cc/kg of body weight were injected into coronary circulation and caused severe life-threatening arrhythmias and signs of global cardiac dysfunction (3,85,86)." 3/4. A correction has been made to Section 3: Pathophysiology: the immunothrombotic and endothelial responses to air emboli, paragraph 1. This sentence previously stated: "Arterioles range from 100-300 mm, and minimal thresholds for obstruction have been reported in experimental literature as ranging from 30-250 mm (2, 29, 50)."The corrected sentence appears below: "Arterioles range from 100-300 µm, and minimal thresholds for obstruction have been reported in experimental literature as ranging from 30-250 µm (2, 29, 50)." 5. A correction has been made to Section 3: Pathophysiology: the immunothrombotic and endothelial responses to air emboli, paragraph 2. The sentence previously stated: "For example, bubble size between 30 and 60 mm have been shown to reduce CBF and cerebral function."The corrected sentence appears below: "For example, bubble sizes between 30 and 60 µm have been shown to reduce CBF and cerebral function." 6. A correction has been made to Section 3: Pathophysiology: the immunothrombotic and endothelial responses to air emboli, paragraph 2. The sentence previously stated: "Other animal studies have demonstrated significant reductions of CBF at 100 mm."The corrected sentence appears below: "Other animal studies have demonstrated significant reductions of CBF at 100 µm." 7. A correction has been made to Section 3: Pathophysiology: the immunothrombotic and endothelial responses to air emboli, paragraph 2. The sentence previously stated: "It has been proposed that a diameter of 250 mm represents a threshold at which CBF is completely impaired (37)."The corrected sentence appears below:
Source: Frontiers in Immunology
Authors: Phillip L. Marsh, Ernest E. Moore, Hunter B. Moore, Connor M. Bunch, Michael Aboukhaled, Shaun M. Condon, Mahmoud D. Al-Fadhl, Samuel J. Thomas, John R. Larson, Charles W. Bower, Craig B. Miller, Michelle L. Pearson, Christopher L. Twilling, David W. Reser, George S. Kim, Brittany M. Troyer, Doyle Yeager, Scott G. Thomas, Daniel P. Srikureja, Shivani S. Patel, Sofía L. Añón, Anthony V. Thomas, Joseph B. Miller, David E. Van Ryn, Saagar V. Pamulapati, Devin Zimmerman, Byars Wells, Peter L. Martin, Christopher W. Seder, John G. Aversa, Ryan B. Greene, Robert J. March, Hau C. Kwaan, Daniel H. Fulkerson, Stefani A. Vande Lune, Tom E. Mollnes, Erik W. Nielsen, Benjamin S. Storm, Mark M. Walsh
Institutions: Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Henry Ford Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Indiana University South Bend, Indiana University School of Medicine, Goshen Health, Beacon Health System, Mercy Health, Rush University Medical Center, Northwestern University, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Nordland Hospital Trust, Nordland Hospital, Nord University, UiT The Arctic University of Norway
Language: English
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,295
OpenAlex ID: W4391574813