Lead Bioaccessibility and Commonly Measured Soil Characteristics (Detroit, MI, USA) – PHASE 1
Year: 2024
Type: dataset
Abstract: Contaminated urban soil is one of the major contributors to child Pb exposure. To gain a better understanding of Pb risk in urban areas, composite samples were collected from 142 residential, privately owned, parcels in Detroit, Hamtramck, and Highland Park, Michigan, with approval from the property owners. The proximity of soil sampling and former smelter locations were also reported. Sample were collected from areas covered with turf grass. Four samples were collected, one from each cardinal direction (north, south, east, and west), 20 cm from an aluminum tent stake driven into the center of the sampling site. Soils were collected with a bulb planter at approximately 10 cm depth. Between sampling sites, bulb planters were cleaned with a tap water-Liquinox detergent solution and then rinsed with ultrapure water (>18.2 MΩ/cm). Soils were mixed by hand in the field in one-gallon freezer bags prior to being transported back to the laboratory at Wayne State University. Once in the lab, bagged soils were air dried in a fume hood for at least two weeks. Total soil Pb was analyzed according to EPA Method 3051a (U.S. EPA 2007). Briefly, 0.5g of sieved (µm) soil was placed in 10 mL of 68% trace-metal grade nitric acid and subjected to microwave assisted digestion in a MARSXpress digester (CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC) with a final reaction temperature of 175 ± 5 °C held for 4.5 minutes. After cooling, samples were diluted to a 17% nitric acid solution, centrifuged, and filtered through a 0.45µm PTFE filter. In vitro bioaccessible Pb was measured according to a modified (pH = 2) version of the Physiologically Based Extraction Test (PBET) (Ruby et al. 1996), using the sameµm size fraction. Since the standard PBET procedure utilizes a pH of 1.5, which underestimates changes in bioavailability following phosphate amendments (Zia et al. 2011), a pH of two was used in this study, consistent with Hettiarachchi et al. (2003). Soil pH, CEC (cmol+/kg), OM content (%), and elemental concentrations (mg/kg), were measured by Dairyland Laboratories (Arcadia, WI) on the(2010), the soil pH was measured in a 1:1 soil: water slurry (Sikoral and Kissel 2014). The percent OM content was determined by loss on ignition (Davies 1974). Soil (5g) was transferred to a pre-weighed crucible and dried 2 or more hours at 105 ℃ in one of two ovens (ThermoScientific HeraTherm Oven OGS180 or Fisher Scientific Isotemp Oven Model 655G). Once dried, the mass
Institution: Wayne State University
Language: English
Topic: Heavy metals in environment
Subfield: Pollution
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W4391617350