Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Incident Diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Year: 2024
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Plant-based dietary patterns emphasize plant foods and minimize animal-derived foods. We investigated the association between plant-based dietary patterns and diabetes in a community-based U.S. sample of Black and White adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We included middle-aged adults from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study without diabetes at baseline who completed a food-frequency questionnaire (n = 11,965). We scored plant-based diet adherence according to three indices: overall, healthy, and unhealthy plant-based diet indices. Higher overall plant-based diet index (PDI) scores represent greater intakes of all plant foods and lower intakes of animal-derived foods. Higher healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) scores represent greater healthy plant food intake and lower intakes of animal-derived and unhealthy plant foods. Higher unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI) scores represent greater unhealthy plant food intake and lower intakes of animal-derived and healthy plant foods. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes (defined according to self-reported diagnosis, medication use, or elevated blood glucose) associated with each index. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 22 years, we identified 4,208 cases of diabetes among subjects. Higher PDI scores were associated with a lower risk of diabetes (quintile 5 vs. 1 HR 0.89 [95% CI 0.80, 0.98]; Ptrend = 0.01). hPDI scores were also inversely associated with diabetes risk (quintile 5 vs. 1 HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.77, 0.94]; Ptrend < 0.001). uPDI scores were not associated with diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS: A dietary pattern that minimizes animal-derived foods and emphasizes plant foods may reduce diabetes risk.
Source: Diabetes Care
DOI: 10.2337/dc23-2013
Language: English
Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Awards: G124418500, G1518371162, G1669593605, G1804442763, G1924893021, G2103396735, G2192100624, G2287024733, G2339050794, G2351073056, Discovery, Replication, and Validation of Biomarkers of the DASH Diet and Hypertension, G357764881, G3634963290, G3931319179, G3978702139, G4397751285, G4819198047, G5267790454, Research and Mentoring in the Clinical Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes, G6265038979, G6418484092, G7243995979, G7276788223, G8449739276, G9000190100, G9000238808, Proteomic and epigenetic alterations associated with plant-based diets and CVD, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Institutional Training
OpenAlex ID: W4391787225