Growth, spectroscopy and laser operation of Tm,Ho:GdScO 3 perovskite crystal
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: We report on the growth, polarized spectroscopy and first laser operation of an orthorhombic (space group Pnma ) Tm 3+ ,Ho 3+ -codoped gadolinium orthoscandate (GdScO 3 ) perovskite-type crystal. A single crystal of 3.76 at.% Tm, 0.35 at.% Ho:GdScO 3 was grown by the Czochralski method. Its polarized absorption and fluorescence properties were studied revealing a broadband emission around 2 µm. The parameters of the Tm 3+ ↔ Ho 3+ energy transfer was quantified, P 28 = 1.30 × 10 −22 cm 3 µs -1 , and P 71 = 0.99 × 10 −23 cm 3 µs -1 , and the thermal equilibrium lifetime was measured to be 3.5 ms. The crystal-field splitting of Tm 3+ and Ho 3+ multiplets in C s symmetry sites of the perovskite structure was determined by low-temperature spectroscopy and the mechanism of spectral line broadening is discussed. The continuous-wave Tm,Ho:GdScO 3 laser generated 1.16 W at ∼2.1 µm with a slope efficiency of 50.5%, a laser threshold of 184 mW, a linear laser polarization ( E || c ) and a spatially single-mode output. The Tm,Ho:GdScO 3 crystal is promising for broadly tunable and femtosecond mode-locked lasers emitting above 2 µm.
Source: Optics Express
DOI: 10.1364/oe.518709
Institutions: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique, Université de Caen Normandie, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,270
OpenAlex ID: W4392863817