Euclid
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: This paper presents the specification, design, and development of the Visible Camera (VIS) on the European Space Agency’s Euclid mission. VIS is a large optical-band imager with a field of view of 0.54 deg 2 sampled at 0″.1 with an array of 609 Megapixels and a spatial resolution of 0″.18. It will be used to survey approximately 14 000 deg 2 of extragalactic sky to measure the distortion of galaxies in the redshift range z = 0.1–1.5 resulting from weak gravitational lensing, one of the two principal cosmology probes leveraged by Euclid . With photometric redshifts, the distribution of dark matter can be mapped in three dimensions, and the extent to which this has changed with look-back time can be used to constrain the nature of dark energy and theories of gravity. The entire VIS focal plane will be transmitted to provide the largest images of the Universe from space to date, specified to reach m AB ≥ 24.5 with a signal-to-noise ratio S/N ≥ 10 in a single broad I E ≃ ( r + i + z ) band over a six-year survey. The particularly challenging aspects of the instrument are the control and calibration of observational biases, which lead to stringent performance requirements and calibration regimes. With its combination of spatial resolution, calibration knowledge, depth, and area covering most of the extra-Galactic sky, VIS will also provide a legacy data set for many other fields. This paper discusses the rationale behind the conception of VIS and describes the instrument design and development, before reporting the prelaunch performance derived from ground calibrations and brief results from the inorbit commissioning. VIS should reach fainter than m AB = 25 with S/N ≥ 10 for galaxies with a full width at half maximum of 0″. 3 in a 1″.3 diameter aperture over the Wide Survey, and m AB ≥ 26.4 for a Deep Survey that will cover more than 50 deg 2 . The paper also describes how the instrument works with the Euclid telescope and survey, and with the science data processing, to extract the cosmological information.
Source: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Authors: M. S. Cropper, A. Al-Bahlawan, J. Amiaux, S. Awan, R. Azzollini, K. Benson, M. Berthe, J. Boucher, E. Bozzo, C. Brockley-Blatt, G. P. Candini, C. Cara, R. A. Chaudery, R. E. Cole, P. Danto, J. Denniston, A. M. Di Giorgio, B. Dryer, J.-P. Dubois, J. Endicott, M. Farina, E. Galli, L. Genolet, J. P. D. Gow, P. Guttridge, M. Hailey, D. Hall, C. Harper, H. Hoekstra, A. D. Holland, B. Horeau, D. Hu, R. E. James, A. Khalil, R. King, T. Kitching, R. Kohley, C. Larcheveque, A. Lawrenson, P. Liebing, S. J. Liu, J. Martignac, R. Massey, H. J. McCracken, L. Miller, N. Murray, R. Nakajima, S.-M. Niemi, J. W. Nightingale, S. Paltani, A. Pendem, A. Philippon, C. Plana, P. Pool, S. Pottinger, G. D. Racca, J. Rhodes, A. Rousseau, K. Ruane, M. Salatti, J.-C. Salvignol, A. Sciortino, A. Short, J. Skottfelt, S. J. A. Smit, I. Swindells, M. Szafraniec, P. D. Thomas, W. Thomas, E. Tommasi, S. Tosti, F. Visticot, D. M. Walton, G. Willis, B. Winter, N. Aghanim, B. Altieri, A. Amara, S. Andreon, N. Auricchio, H. Aussel, C. Baccigalupi, M. Baldi, A. Balestra, S. Bardelli, A. Basset, R. Bender, F. Bernardeau, C. Bodendorf, T. Boenke, D. Bonino, E. Branchini, M. Brescia, J. Brinchmann, S. Camera, V. Capobianco, C. Carbone, V. F. Cardone, J. Carretero, R. Casas, S. Casas, F. J. Castander, M. Castellano, G. Castignani, S. Cavuoti, A. Cimatti, C. Colodro-Conde, G. Congedo, C. J. Conselice, L. Conversi, Y. Copin, F. Courbin, H. M. Courtois, M. Crocce, J.-G. Cuby, J.-C. Cuillandre, A. Da Silva, H. Degaudenzi, G. De Lucia, J. Dinis, C. Dolding, M. Douspis, C. A. J. Duncan, X. Dupac, S. Dusini, A. Ealet, M. Fabricius, S. Farrens, S. Ferriol, P. Fosalba, S. Fotopoulou, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, P. Franzetti, P.-A. Frugier, M. Fumana, S. Galeotta, B. Garilli, K. George, W. Gillard, B. Gillis, C. Giocoli, P. Gómez-Alvarez, B. R. Granett, A. Grazian, F. Grupp, L. Guzzo, S. V. H. Haugan, O. Herent, J. Hoar, M. S. Holliman, W. Holmes, I. Hook, F. Hormuth, A. Hornstrup, P. Hudelot, S. Ilić, K. Jahnke, M. Jhabvala, B. Joachimi, E. Keihänen, S. Kermiche, A. Kiessling, M. Kilbinger, B. Kubik, K. Kuijken, M. Kümmel, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, O. Lahav, R. Laureijs, S. Ligori, P. B. Lilje, V. Lindholm, I. Lloro, J. Lorenzo Alvarez, G. Mainetti, D. Maino, E. Maiorano, O. Mansutti, S. Marcin, O. Marggraf, K. Markovic, M. Martinelli, N. Martinet, F. Marulli, D. C. Masters, S. Maurogordato, E. Medinaceli, S. Mei, M. Melchior, Y. Mellier, M. Meneghetti, E. Merlin, G. Meylan, J. J. Mohr, M. Moresco, L. Moscardini, C. Neissner, R. C. Nichol, T. Nutma, C. Padilla, K. Paech, F. Pasian, J. A. Peacock, K. Pedersen, W. J. Percival, V. Pettorino, S. Pires, G. Polenta, M. Poncet, L. A. Popa, L. Pozzetti, F. Raison, R. Rebolo, A. Refregier, A. Renzi, G. Riccio, Hans-Walter Rix, E. Romelli, M. Roncarelli, C. Rosset, E. Rossetti, H. J. A. Rottgering, B. Rusholme, R. Saglia, Z. Sakr, A. G. Sánchez, D. Sapone, M. Sauvage, R. Scaramella, J. A. Schewtschenko, M. Schirmer, P. Schneider, T. Schrabback, A. Secroun, E. Sefusatti, G. Seidel, M. Seiffert, S. Serrano, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, L. Stanco, J.-L. Starck, J. Steinwagner, P. Tallada-Crespí, D. Tavagnacco, A. N. Taylor, H. I. Teplitz, I. Tereno, R. Toledo-Moreo, F. Torradeflot, I. Tutusaus, E. A. Valentijn, L. Valenziano, T. Vassallo, G. Verdoes Kleijn, A. Veropalumbo, S. Wachter, Y. Wang, J. Weller, G. Zamorani, J. Zoubian, E. Zucca, A. Biviano, M. Bolzonella, A. Boucaud, C. Burigana, M. Calabrese, P. Casenove, D. Di Ferdinando, J. A. Escartin Vigo, G. Fabbian, R. Farinelli, F. Finelli, J. Gracia-Carpio, H. Israel, N. Mauri, H. N. Nguyen-Kim, A. Pezzotta, M. Pöntinen, C. Porciani, V. Scottez, M. Tenti, M. Viel, M. Wiesmann, Y. Akrami, V. Allevato, S. Anselmi, E. Aubourg, M. Ballardini, D. Bertacca, M. Bethermin, A. Blanchard, L. Blot, S. Borgani, A. S. Borlaff, S. Bruton, R. Cabanac, A. Calabro, G. Calderone, G. Canas-Herrera, A. Cappi, C. S. Carvalho, T. Castro, K. C. Chambers, R. Chary, S. Contarini, A. R. Cooray, O. Cordes, M. Costanzi, O. Cucciati, S. Davini, B. De Caro, G. Desprez, A. Díaz-Sánchez, S. Di Domizio, H. Dole, S. Escoffier, A. G. Ferrari, P. G. Ferreira, I. Ferrero, A. Finoguenov, A. Fontana, F. Fornari, L. Gabarra, K. Ganga, J. García-Bellido, V. Gautard, E. Gaztanaga, F. Giacomini, F. Gianotti, G. Gozaliasl, A. Gregorio, A. Hall, W. G. Hartley, H. Hildebrandt, J. Hjorth, O. Ilbert, A. Jimenez Muñoz, S. Joudaki, J. J. E. Kajava, V. Kansal, D. Karagiannis, C. C. Kirkpatrick, F. Lacasa, J. Le Graet, L. Legrand, G. Libet, A. Loureiro, J. Macias-Perez, M. Magliocchetti, C. Mancini, F. Mannucci, R. Maoli, C. J. A. P. Martins, S. Matthew, L. Maurin, C. J. R. McPartland, R. B. Metcalf, M. Migliaccio, M. Miluzio, P. Monaco, C. Moretti, G. Morgante, S. Nadathur, Nicholas A. Walton, J. Odier, M. Oguri, L. Patrizii, V. Popa, D. Potter, A. Pourtsidou, P. Reimberg, I. Risso, P.-F. Rocci, R. P. Rollins, M. Sahlén, C. Scarlata, J. Schaye, A. Schneider, M. Schultheis, M. Sereno, F. Shankar, G. Sikkema, A. Silvestri, P. Simon, A. Spurio Mancini, J. Stadel, S. A. Stanford, K. Tanidis, C. Tao, N. Tessore, G. Testera, M. Tewes, R. Teyssier, S. Toft, S. Tosi, A. Troja, M. Tucci, C. Valieri, J. Valiviita, D. Vergani, F. Vernizzi, G. Verza, P. Vielzeuf, J. R. Weaver, L. Zalesky, I. A. Zinchenko, M. Archidiacono, F. Atrio-Barandela, T. Bouvard, F. Caro, P. Dimauro, P.-A. Duc, Y. Fang, A. M. N. Ferguson, T. Gasparetto, C. M. Gutierrez, I. Kovačić, S. Kruk, A. M. C. Le Brun, T. I. Liaudat, A. Montoro, A. Mora, C. Murray, L. Pagano, D. Paoletti, E. Sarpa, A. Viitanen, J. Lesgourgues, J. Martín-Fleitas, D. Scott
Institutions: University College London, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Cité, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Paris-Saclay - Etablissement de Saclay, Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation, CEA Paris-Saclay, University of Geneva, Centre National d'Études Spatiales, Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, National Institute for Astrophysics, The Open University, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, United Kingdom Space Agency, Leiden University, Leiden Observatory, European Space Astronomy Centre, Surrey Satellite Technology (United Kingdom), Durham University, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, University of Oxford, University of Bonn, European Space Agency, European Space Research and Technology Centre, Newcastle University, Teledyne e2v (United Kingdom), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, OHB (Italy), University of Surrey, Brera Astronomical Observatory, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste Astronomical Observatory, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, University of Bologna, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Institut de Physique Théorique, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova, University of Genoa, Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, University of Naples Federico II, Universidade do Porto, Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, University of Turin, Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I, Port d'Informació Científica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Institute of Space Sciences, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, RWTH Aachen University, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Royal Observatory, University of Edinburgh, University of Manchester, European Space Research Institute, Lyon 1 Université, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Aix-Marseille Université, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, University of Lisbon, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, University of Bristol, Centre de physique des particules de Marseille, University of Milan, University of Oslo, Lancaster University, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, University of Copenhagen, Technical University of Denmark, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, California Institute of Technology, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Université Côte d'Azur, Lagrange Laboratory, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Université Paris Diderot, Institute for High Energy Physics, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, University of Groningen, Aarhus University, University of Waterloo, Perimeter Institute, Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary, Universidad de La Laguna, ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, University of Padua, Saint Joseph University, Heidelberg University, University of Chile, Universität Innsbruck, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Carnegie Observatories, Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna, Osservatorio Astronomico della Regione Autonoma Valle d'Aosta, Flatiron Institute, Cardiff University, Communication cellulaire et MicroEnvironnement Tumoral, Université de Lille, JUNIA, Laboratoire Paul Painlevé, Fondazione ICSC Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Física Teórica, Case Western Reserve University, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire Univers et Théories, Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers, University of Ferrara, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, University of Trieste, Ames Research Center, Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, University of Minnesota, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, University of Hawaii System, University of California, Irvine, Saint Mary's University, University of Portsmouth, Aalto University, Ruhr University Bochum, Laboratoire d’Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, University of Turku, ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Swinburne University of Technology, Queen Mary University of London, University of the Western Cape, Université Libre de Bruxelles, ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Stockholm University, Imperial College London, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, Sapienza University of Rome, University of Rome Tor Vergata, University of Cambridge, Chiba University, Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University, University of Zurich, Uppsala University, University of Southampton, University of London, Royal Holloway University of London, University of California, Davis, Princeton University, New York University, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Universidad de Salamanca, Thales (France), National Observatory, Ghent University, University of British Columbia
Language: English
Subfield: Instrumentation
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,732
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, European Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Agenția Spațială Română, Norsk Romsenter, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation
OpenAlex ID: W4403597069