Work

Studying Retroviral Life Cycles Using Visible Viruses and Live Cell Imaging

Year: 2024

Type: review

Abstract: Viruses exploit key host cell factors to accomplish each individual stage of the viral replication cycle. To understand viral pathogenesis and speed the development of new antiviral strategies, high-resolution visualization of virus-host interactions is needed to define where and when these events occur within cells. Here, we review state-of-the-art live cell imaging techniques for tracking individual stages of viral life cycles, focusing predominantly on retroviruses and especially human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which is most extensively studied. We describe how visible viruses can be engineered for live cell imaging and how nonmodified viruses can, in some instances, be tracked and studied indirectly using cell biosensor systems. We summarize the ways in which live cell imaging has been used to dissect the retroviral life cycle. Finally, we discuss select challenges for the future including the need for better labeling strategies, increased resolution, and multivariate systems that will allow for the study of full viral replication cycles.

Source: Annual Review of Virology

DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-100422-012608

Authors: Jorge F. Guerrero, Sydney L. Lesko, Edward L. Evans, Nathan M. Sherer

Institutions: University of Wisconsin–Madison, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center

Language: English

Topic: HIV Research and Treatment

Subfield: Virology

Field: Immunology and Microbiology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Funders: National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases