Work

Breastfeeding Goals, Experiences, and Infant Formula Perceptions Among Parents Affected by the 2022 U.S. Infant Formula Shortage

Year: 2024

Type: article

Abstract: Methods: Pregnant Illinois women (n¼452) provided fasted blood samples at 17 weeks gestation, from which we measured plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor 1, adiponectin, leptin, triglycerides, free fatty acids, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.We calculated homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very lowdensity lipoprotein.We also quantified serum PFAS, including perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA).We evaluated the covariate-adjusted joint association of ln-transformed PFAS as a mixture with each ln-transformed metabolic biomarker using quantile-based g-computation that can evaluate cumulative associations and identify the most important contributors to the PFAS mixture.Results: In a sample of metabolically healthy women with PFAS levels similar to a representative sample of U.S. women, exposure to the PFAS mixture was associated with lower insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin, but higher HDL cholesterol in early second trimester.Specifically, each 10% increase in the PFAS mixture was associated with 12.8% lower insulin (95% confidence interval (CI): -20.3, -4.5) and 13.3% lower HOMA-IR (95%CI: -20.9, -4.9), with PFDeA driving the mixture association.Additionally, each 10% increase in the PFAS mixture was associated with lower leptin (β: -3.9; 95%CI: -7.2, -0.6) and higher HDL cholesterol (β: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.8, 3.9), with PFUdA contributing most to each mixture association.Conclusions: Given the role of insulin, leptin, and HDL in maternal adaptation in early pregnancy to support fetal growth, further investigation is needed to identify potential consequences of our findings for maternal and child health outcomes.

Source: Current Developments in Nutrition

DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103048

Authors: Karla Damian-Medina, Karina Cernioglo, Maha Waheed, Dina M DiMaggio, Anthony F Porto, Jennifer T Smilowitz

Institutions: University of California, Davis, NYU Langone Health, Yale University

Language: English

Topic: Breastfeeding Practices and Influences

Subfield: Epidemiology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $5,000