Metalation of Extracytoplasmic Proteins and Bacterial Cell Envelope Homeostasis
Year: 2024
Type: review
Abstract: Cell physiology requires innumerable metalloenzymes supported by the selective import of metal ions. Within the crowded cytosol, most enzymes acquire their cognate cofactors from a buffered labile pool. Metalation of membrane-bound and secreted exoenzymes is more problematic since metal concentrations are highly variable outside the cell. Here, we focus on metalloenzymes involved in cell envelope homeostasis. Peptidoglycan synthesis often relies on Zn-dependent hydrolases, and metal-dependent β-lactamases play important roles in antibiotic resistance. In gram-positive bacteria, lipoteichoic acid synthesis requires Mn, with TerC family Mn exporters in a supporting role. For some exoenzymes, metalation occurs in the cytosol, and metalated enzymes are exported through the TAT secretion system. For others, metalation is facilitated by metal exporters, metallochaperones, or partner proteins that enhance metal affinity. To help ensure function, some metalloenzymes can function with multiple metals. Thus, cells employ a diversity of strategies to ensure metalation of enzymes functioning outside the cytosol.
Source: Annual Review of Microbiology
Authors: Bixi He, John D. Helmann
Institution: Cornell University
Language: English
Subfield: Genetics
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Awards: Genetic and immunological basis of auto-antibodies to type I IFNs underlying life-threatening COVID-19., Host susceptibility factors to pediatric encephalitis in South East Asia, Inborn errors of immunity underlying severe viral infection of the brainstem, Single gene inborn errors of immunity underlying SARS-CoV2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children., Inborn errors of immunity underlying life-threatening COVID-19 in previously healthy patients, Bacillus subtilis stress responses
OpenAlex ID: W4400307800