Preparation of composite calcium phosphate cement scaffold loaded with Hedysarum polysaccharides and its efficacy in repairing bone defects
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Bone defects, resulting from fractures and bone disease, have tremendous socioeconomic impacts on personal and occupational disability and relate health care costs. For clinical treatment of large bone-defect, autografts remain the gold standard. Although these biological grafts exhibit high healing rates, approximately 20–30% of patients who received autograft treatment-experienced chronic pain and morbidity at the donor site, while >30% of allograft procedures were complicated by fracture, non-union and infection [ 1 ]. Bone scaffolds which are convenient to be used and relatively cheap [ 2 ] could continuously supply nutrients including calcium and phosphorus for bone repair [ 3 ]. Biological bone scaffolds have attracted significant interest due to their distinctive biocompatibility and ability to enhance bone regeneration [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]; There were two artificial bone scaffolds, calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), were widely used in bone-defects repair process. However, PMMA has gradually being replaced as a result of its poor degradability, despite its excellent mechanical properties [ 7 ]. Calcium ions [ 8 ] can contribute to osteoblast differentiation [ 9 ]; thus, CPC has attracted significant attention as a bone graft substitute due to its structural similarity with bone minerals and excellent bone integration [ 10 ], bone conductivity, and degradability [ 11 , 12 ]. Nevertheless, the poor mechanical properties and high brittleness of CPC have limited its development. Accordingly, researchers have been committed to improve CPC by strengthening the mechanical properties via the addition of ingredients, or focusing on loading effective factors onto the scaffold, such as bone-related factors, plant extracts, polysaccharides, to obtain better osteogenic properties [ 13 ]. Studies have confirmed that the addition of zirconium oxide [ 14 ] or zirconia [ 15 ] to hydroxyapatite [ 16 ] or β-tricalcium phosphate [ 17 ] could improve their crystallinity and mechanical properties [ 16 ]. Starch, typically corn starch [ 18 ], has been used successfully in bone scaffolds, bone cement [ 19 ], and drug delivery systems [ 20 ], to increase mechanical strength [ 21 ]. Moreover, as a calcium binder [ 22 ], citric acid has been successfully added to the liquid phase to improve the compression strength [ 23 ] and durability parameters [ 24 ] of bone cement [ 25 ]. Based on these previous findings, we focused on improving both the solid and liquid phases of bone cement with a view to reforming its structure and improving the mechanical properties.
Authors: Lianggong Zhao, Bo Wang, Shilan Feng, Huifang Wu
Institutions: Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,390
Award: G2913501980
OpenAlex ID: W4401541803