Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Rings and gaps are among the most widely observed forms of substructure in protoplanetary disks. A gap–ring pair may be formed when a planet carves a gap in the disk, which produces a local pressure maximum following the gap that traps inwardly drifting dust grains and appears as a bright ring owing to the enhanced dust density. A dust-trapping ring would provide a promising environment for solid growth and possibly planetesimal production via the streaming instability. We present evidence of dust trapping in the bright ring of the planet-hosting disk Elias 2-24, from the analysis of 1.3 and 3 mm Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations at high spatial resolution (0.″029, 4.0 au). We leverage the high spatial resolution to demonstrate that larger grains are more efficiently trapped and place constraints on the local turbulence (8 × 10−4 < α turb < 0.03) and the gas-to-dust ratio (Σ g /Σ d < 30) in the ring. Using a scattering-included marginal probability analysis, we measure a total dust disk mass of M dust = 13.8 − 0.5 + 0.7 × 10 − 4 M ⊙ . We also show that at the orbital radius of the proposed perturber the gap is cleared of material down to a flux contrast of 10−3 of the peak flux in the disk.
Source: The Astrophysical Journal
Institutions: California Institute of Technology, University of Chile, Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, Lagrange Laboratory, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Université Grenoble Alpes, Excellence Cluster Origins, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Columbia University, Rice University, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, California State University, Northridge
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,499
Funders: National Science Foundation, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council
Awards: G1894816210, G2119666647, G2329447088, G2575235166, FOR 2634: Übergangsscheiben: Zeugen der Planetenentstehung, G3593937379, G380733860, G4066435496, G4295532061, EXC 2094: ORIGINS: Vom Ursprung des Universums bis zu den ersten Bausteinen des Lebens, G560230829, G5834573078, UPGRADING THE VLT/SPHERE INSTRUMENT TO IMAGE PLANET-FORMING REGIONS, G7395279081, YOUNG PLANETS AND PLANET-FORMING DISKS, THE FIRST STAGES TOWARDS THE BIRTH OF PLANETS, CENTRO DE ASTROFISICA Y TECNOLOGIAS AFINES (CATA)
OpenAlex ID: W4401553569