Work

A robust bi‐level programming approach for optimal planning an off‐grid zero‐energy complex

Year: 2024

Type: article

Abstract: Electric power provision for all the customers is not always possible for distribution companies. Some customers are interested in serving their load through renewable resources regarding the climate situation. Electrically off‐grid zero‐energy building is an applicable concept, in which the electrical energy provision of the buildings is isolated from the power supply infrastructures. This paper introduces a robust bi‐level programming model to create a cost‐effective off‐grid zero energy complex in Kish Island under risk management. The upper level of the planning is composed of two components, the passive design of buildings within the complex and the design of a stand‐alone energy system. The passive design as an energy‐saving tool includes the selection of insulation material for building external walls and finding the optimum thickness. Also, the stand‐alone energy system design denotes the sizing of diesel generator, photovoltaic, and battery energy storage as the distributed energy resources. The lower‐level problem optimally handles the annual scheduling of these resources to meet the complex demand under the impact of passive cooling. The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition method is used to solve this bi‐level planning problem. Furthermore, the battery degradation is concerned via the throughput model to consider the replacement cost of the problem.

Source: IET Renewable Power Generation

DOI: 10.1049/rpg2.13083

Authors: Reza Ghaffarpour, Saeid Zamanian

Institution: Imam Hossein University

Language: English

Topic: Integrated Energy Systems Optimization

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Climate action, Sustainable cities and communities

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,500