Work

Pilot Study on the Use of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Diagnosing and Characterizing Cardiac Amyloidosis

Year: 2024

Type: article

Abstract: Amyloidosis diagnosis relies on Congo red staining with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence for subtyping but lacks sensitivity and specificity. Laser-microdissection mass spectroscopy offers better accuracy but is complex and requires extensive sample preparation. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy offers a promising alternative for amyloidosis characterization. Cardiac tissue sections from nine patients with amyloidosis and 20 heart transplant recipients were analyzed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) models were used to differentiate healthy post-transplant cardiac tissue from amyloidosis samples and identify amyloidosis subtypes [κ light chain (n = 1), λ light chain (n = 3), and transthyretin (n = 5)]. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was employed to assess the performance of the PLS-DA model. Significant spectral differences were found in the 1700–1500 cm−1 and 1300–1200 cm−1 regions, primarily related to proteins. The PLS-DA model explained 85.8% of the variance, showing clear clustering between groups. PCA in the 1712–1711 cm−1, 1666–1646 cm−1, and 1385–1383 cm−1 regions also identified two clear clusters. The PCA and the HCA model in the 1646–1642 cm−1 region distinguished κ light chain, λ light chain, and transthyretin cases. This pilot study suggests ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a novel, non-destructive, rapid, and inexpensive tool for diagnosing and subtyping amyloidosis. This study was limited by a small dataset and variability in measurements across different instruments and laboratories. The PLS-DA model’s performance may suffer from overfitting and class imbalance. Larger, more diverse datasets are needed for validation.

Source: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179358

Authors: Charlotte Delrue, Annelore Vandendriessche, Amélie Dendooven, Malaïka Van der Linden, Marijn M. Speeckaert, Sander De Bruyne

Institutions: Ghent University Hospital, Research Foundation - Flanders, Ghent University

Language: English

Topic: Amyloidosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Outcomes

Subfield: Molecular Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,296