Heart rate of fire: exploring direct implementation of physiological measurements in realistic shoot/don't-shoot simulations
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Introduction Shooting simulations provide an excellent opportunity to train use-of-force decisions in controlled environments. Recently, military and law enforcement organizations have expressed a growing desire to integrate physiological measurement into simulations for training and feedback purposes. Although participants can easily wear physiological monitors in these scenarios, direct implementation into training may not be simple. Theoretical problems exist in the ultra-short heart rate variability windows associated with use-of-force training, and practical problems emerge as existing scenario libraries at training organizations were not designed for physiological monitoring. Methods The current study explored the challenges and possibilities associated with direct implementation of physiological monitoring into an existing library of firearms training scenarios. Participants completed scenarios in a shooting simulator using existing military training scenarios while wearing a device to monitor their heart rate. Results The results revealed lower heart rate variability (approximately 6%) occurred in scenarios where participants did not have to fire weapons, indicating that don't-shoot scenarios may actually impose more cognitive stress on shooters. Additional evidence further demonstrated how both behavioral and physiological factors could be used concomitantly to predict unintentionally firing on non-hostile actors. However, behavioral measures were more predictive (e.g., β = .221) than physiological measures (e.g., β = −.132) when the latter metrics were limited to specific scenarios. Qualitative results suggest that simply applying physiological monitoring to existing shooting simulations may not yield optimal results because it would be difficult to directly integrate physiological measurement in a meaningful way without re-designing some elements of the simulations, the training procedure, or both. Discussion Future use-of-force shooting simulations should consider designing novel scenarios around the physiological measurement rather than directly implementing physiological assessments into existing libraries of scenarios.
Language: English
Subfield: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,125
Funder: Office of Naval Research
Awards: G2571868997, G3187182169
OpenAlex ID: W4402015994