Assessing Evapotranspiration Models for Regional Implementation in the Mediterranean: A Comparative Analysis of STEPS, TSEB, and SCOPE with Global Datasets
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is crucial for sustainable water management in the diverse and water-scarce Mediterranean region. This study compares three prominent models (Simulator of Terrestrial Ecohydrological Processes and Systems (STEPS), Soil-Canopy-Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes (SCOPE), and Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB)) with established global datasets (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 8-day global terrestrial product (MOD16A2), Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), and TerraClimate) at multiple spatial and temporal scales and validates model outcomes with eddy covariance based ground measurements. Insufficient ground-based observations limit comprehensive model validation in the eastern Mediterranean part (Turkey and Balkans). The results reveal significant discrepancies among models and datasets, highlighting the challenges of capturing ET variability in this complex region. Differences are attributed to variations in ecosystem type, energy balance calculations, and water availability constraints. Ground validation shows that STEPS performs well in some French and Italian forests and crops sites but struggles with seasonal ET patterns in some locations. SCOPE mostly overestimates ET due to detailed radiation flux calculations and lacks accurate water limitation representation. TSEB faces challenges in capturing ET variations across different ecosystems at a coarser 10 km resolution. No single model and global dataset accurately represent ET across the entire region. Model performance varies by region and ecosystem. As GLEAM and TSEB excel in semi-arid Savannahs, STEPS and SCOPE are better in grasslands, croplands, and forests in few locations (5 out of 18 sites) which indicates these models need calibration for other locations and ecosystem types. Thus, a region-specific model calibration and validation, sensitive to extremely humid and arid conditions can improve ET estimation across the diverse Mediterranean region.
Source: Applied Sciences
DOI: 10.3390/app14177685
Institutions: University of Molise, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias
Language: English
Subfield: Global and Planetary Change
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
SDG: Climate action
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,728
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Chiba University, Università degli Studi del Molise, Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia
OpenAlex ID: W4402046704