Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Anode-free Li-ion batteries (AFBs), where a Cu current collector is used to plate and strip Li instead of a classic anode, are promising technologies to increase the energy density of batteries. In addition, AFBs are safer and easier to manufacture than competing Li-metal anodes and solid-state batteries. However, the loss of Li inventory that occurs during the operation of AFBs limits their lifespan and practical application. In this study, we find that, in particular, the current density used during the formation of AFBs has a considerable impact on the cycling stability of the cell. We optimize the formation protocol based on experimental and computational observations of thresholds associated with morphological changes in the plated Li and the chemical composition of the solid-electrolyte interphase. Unlike graphite anodes, which require slow formation cycles, AFBs exhibit improved cycling behavior when formed at the highest current densities that avoid dendritic Li formation. We verify that this strategy for optimizing the formation current density is effective for three different electrolyte formulations and, therefore, provides a straightforward universal rationale to optimize the formation protocols for AFBs.
Source: ACS Energy Letters
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,500
Awards: G1057210914, G1218261501, G1321764281, G1451303461, G2556733993, G2671758023, The Materials and Molecular Modelling Hub, Sir Henry Royce Institute - Oxford Equipment, G3502313477, G3722920343, G4048582220, G417250887, G4310967859, G503797424, G5438572437, G5848051694, G6601704025, G6944738600, G699574029, G7143596510, G715292007, Tier 2 Hub in Materials and Molecular Modelling, G7594288067, G8032983520, G8038628577, G8156625137, Introducing heterogeneous HPC solutions to UK's MMM community, G8997374688
OpenAlex ID: W4402317502