Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Monkeypox is a zoonosis caused by an orthopoxvirus named monkeypox virus(MPXV), structurally related to smallpox virus, enveloped, brick shaped, replicates in cytoplasm.Currently spreading throughout Africa & different parts of world.Has two distinct clades, West African and Central African (Congo Basin) clades.It manifests as rashes, concentrated on face & extremities like palms & soles.Both humoral and cell mediated immunity are seen in host, diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and various serological tests.Patients receive supportive treatments along with antiviral drugs.Presently FDA approved new Mpox vaccines.Scientific community needs to extend their research work to enhance knowledge in this field.This review briefs about monkeypox in human life in context of ongoing outbreaks around the world.Keywords : Monkeypox virus (MPXV), Open Reading Frame (ORF), Inverted Terminal Repitition (ITR), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).[3,4] As monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease, health care staffs is expected to upgrade their knowledge to combat the zoonotic infectious disease not only on epidemic potential view but also clinical management as well as lab.diagnosis.This review briefs about epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, diagnosis of monkeypox based on various ongoing outbreaks around the world. EPIDEMIOLOGY Agent: Monkeypox Virus Family: Poxviridae. Subfamily: chordopoxvirinae. Genus: Orthopoxvirus (OPV). Species: monkeypox virus. [5] Genetic clades: Based on epidemiological, molecularand animal evidences, two different clades of monkeypox were suggested in different geographical regions of Africa: [6] • Clade 1 •Central African or Congo Basin clade.• Causes more severe disease with more transmissibility.• Has high morbidity & mortality (10%) .• Congo Basin strain is ZAI-96.• Virulence factors are: D14L (complement inhibitor), D10L (host range protein), B14R (IL-1β binding protein), B10R (apoptotic regulator) & B19R (serine protease inhibitor-like protein) genes.• Clade 2• West African clade.• Causes self limited disease, with low case fatality (1%).• Has minimum virulence.• This clade is deficient in several genes found in Central African clades and includes: SL-V70, COP-58, Research Article 1 www.directivepublications.org
Authors: Dr Ashmita Banik, Senior Resident
Language: English
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4402422649