Clinical Challenges and Management of Hyperleukocytosis and Leukostasis in Hematologic Cancers
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: Hyperleukocytosis is dened as a white blood cell (WBC) count exceeding 100,000/microL in patients with leukemia, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukostasis, or symptomatic hyperleukocytosis, results in microvascular occlusions causing respiratory distress, central nervous system abnormalities, and organ dysfunction. The epidemiology varies, with hyperleukocytosis frequently observed in AML, affecting up to 20% of newly diagnosed patients, and less commonly in other leukemias. The pathophysiology involves increased blood viscosity and endothelial adhesion, leading to tissue hypoxia. Clinical manifestations include neurological and respiratory symptoms, necessitating early recognition and intervention. Treatment involves cytoreductive therapy, supportive care, and monitoring, aiming to reduce the high initial mortality associated with leukostasis.
Author: Miguel Angel Diaz Diaz
Institution: Central University of Valle del Cauca
Language: English
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4402457914