Differentially Induced Autophagy by Engineered Nanomaterial Treatment Has an Impact on Cellular Homeostasis and Cytotoxicity
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Considering the increasing production of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), new approach methodologies (NAMs) are essential for safe-by-design approaches and risk assessment. Our aim was to enhance screening strategies with a focus on reactivity-triggered toxicities. We applied in vitro tests to 10 selected benchmark ENMs in two cell models, lung epithelial A549 and differentiated THP-1 macrophage-like cells. Previously, we categorized ENMs based on surface reactivity. Here we elucidated their reactivity-triggered cytotoxicity and mode of action using the WST-1 assay (metabolic activity), LDH assay (cell membrane integrity), autophagosome detection, and proteomics. Nonreactive SiO 2 NM-200 showed no significant impact on cell viability. Conversely, highly reactive CuO and ZnO (NM-110 and NM-111) disrupted cell homeostasis. Interestingly, moderately reactive TiO 2 (NM-101 and NM-105) and CeO 2 (NM-211 and NM-212), apparently without an adverse effect, induced autophagosome formation, evidencing autophagy as a defensive mechanism. Our improved in vitro testing strategy, combined with state-of-the-art reactivity information, screens ENMs for potential reactivity-triggered toxicity.
Source: Nano Letters
Language: English
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,500
OpenAlex ID: W4402503014