Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genomic comparison of non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from pig farms with different levels of intensification in Yangon Region, Myanmar
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: In Myanmar, where backyard, semi-intensive, and intensive pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) farming coexist, there is limited understanding of the zoonotic risks and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated with these farming practices. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, AMR and genomic features of Salmonella in pig farms in the Yangon region and the impact of farm intensification to provide evidence to support risk-based future management approaches. Twenty-three farms with different production scales were sampled for two periods with three sampling-visit each. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and whole-genome sequencing were performed on the isolates. The prevalence of Salmonella was 44.5% in samples collected from backyard farms, followed by intensive (39.5%) and semi-intensive farms (19.5%). The prevalence of multi-drug resistant isolates from intensive farms (45/84, 53.6%) was higher than those from backyard (32/171, 18.7%) and semi-intensive farms (25/161, 15.5%). Among 28 different serovars identified, S. Weltevreden (40; 14.5%), S. Kentucky (38; 13.8%), S. Stanley (35, 12.7%), S. Typhimurium (22; 8.0%) and S. Brancaster (20; 7.3%) were the most prevalent serovars and accounted for 56.3% of the genome sequenced strains. The diversity of Salmonella serovars was highest in semi-intensive and backyard farms (21 and 19 different serovars, respectively). The high prevalence of globally emerging S. Kentucky ST198 was detected on backyard farms. The invasive-infection linked typhoid-toxin gene (cdtB) was found in the backyard farm isolated S. Typhimurium, relatively enriched in virulence and AMR genes, presented an important target for future surveillance. While intensification, in terms of semi-intensive versus backyard production, maybe a mitigator for zoonotic risk through a lower prevalence of Salmonella, intensive production appears to enhance AMR-associated risks. Therefore, it remains crucial to closely monitor the AMR and virulence potential of this pathogen at all scales of production. The results underscored the complex relationship between intensification of animal production and the prevalence, diversity and AMR of Salmonella from pig farms in Myanmar.
Source: PLoS ONE
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Trung, Aung Zaw Moe, Hlaing May Than, Tran Thi Bich Chieu, A. S. Md Mukarram Hossain, Nguyen Trung Thanh, Huynh Xuan Yen, Phung Le Kim Yen, Nguyen Huu Nghia, Gemma G. R. Murray, Thiri Su Wai, Min Thein Maw, Hnin Thidar Myint, Ye Tun Win, James Wood, Guy Thwaites, Duncan J. Maskell, Alexander W. Tucker, Ngo Thi Hoa
Institutions: Can Tho University, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, University of Cambridge, University of Manchester, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University College London, University of Oxford, The University of Melbourne, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine
Language: English
Subfield: Food Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,290
Funders: Wellcome Trust, Ministry of Education, India, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Directorate for Biological Sciences, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Medical Research Council, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Natural Environment Research Council, Defence Science and Technology Group
OpenAlex ID: W4402626841