Influence of silver coated zeolite fillers on the chemical and mechanical properties of 3D-printed polyphenylene sulfone restorations
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: To investigate the chemical and mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) depending on its composition and manufacturing. Unfilled–PPSU1 and with antimicrobial silver coated zeolites filled–PPSU2 specimens were made of granulate–GR, filament–FI, or printed–3D. Scanning microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy were performed. Martens hardness–HM, elastic indentation modulus–E IT and flexural strength–FS were determined initially and after aging. Shear bond strength–SBS to veneering and luting composite after conditioning with 7 adhesive systems were examined after aging. Silver leaching was tested after 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 21-, 28- and 42 days. Analyses of variance, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U , unpaired t-tests and Weibull modulus were computed (p < 0.05). Zeolites were homogeneously distributed. PPSU1-GR and PPSU1-FI showed the highest HM/E IT , followed by PPSU2-GR, PPSU1-3D and PPSU2-3D. PPSU2-FI presented the lowest HM/E IT , displaying micro pits. Aging showed reduced HM/E IT in PPSU1 and no impact on PPSU2, while FS increased (PPSU1) or decreased (PPSU2). PPSU2-3D presented lower FS than PPSU1-3D. High SBS to the luting (7.0–16.2 MPa) and veneering composite (11.8–22.2 MPa), except for adhesive system PR, were observed. PPSU2-3D showed the highest silver release (9.6%), with all compositions dispensing silver over 42 days. For the examined period of 6 weeks, antimicrobial silver ions were released from filled PPSU. The high SBS between PPSU and veneering/luting composite confirmed the feasibility of esthetically veneering and luting filled PPSU. To achieve mechanical properties like unfilled PPSU, the processing parameters of filled PPSU require refinement. This investigation provides proof of principle that PPSU can be successfully doped with silver-coated zeolites. The combination of 3D-printing with an antimicrobial thermoplastic constitutes a great opportunity in the field of prosthetic dentistry. Potential applications include clasps for removable dental prostheses, provisional or permanent fixed dental prostheses and implant abutments. • PPSU was successfully doped with homogenously distributed silver coated zeolites. • Silver was released over 42d; filled 3D-printed PPSU showed the highest release. • Unfilled granulate and filament showed highest and filled filament lowest HM/E IT . • Filled 3D-printed PPSU presented lower FS than unfilled 3D-printed PPSU. • Filled PPSU restorations can be esthetically veneered and luted.
Language: English
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,260
Funder: AiF Projekt
OpenAlex ID: W4402878913