Protective Responses of Green Yuja Peel Extracts to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in RAW264.7 Cells
Year: 2024
Type: article
Abstract: This study assessed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of green yuja peel hot water extract (GYW) and ethanol extract (GYE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.GYW and GYE (50, 100, and 200 g/mL) significantly reduced the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), and reactive oxygen species in a concentration-dependent manner, without cytotoxicity.Compared with control cells, GYW and GYE significantly downregulated the protein levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the gene expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-, and IL-6.Conversely, they upregulated the gene expression of IL-10.Moreover, GYW and GYE significantly suppressed NF-B p65 and IB- phosphorylation and increased the protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream target heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) compared with control cells.These results suggest that GYW and GYE exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties by downregulating the NF-B signaling pathway and upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 system in LPS-activated macrophages.
Authors: Sungjin Kim, Soo-Young Choi, Hae-In Lee, Mi-Kyung Lee
Institution: Sunchon National University
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W4403003534